韧带样纤维瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨韧带样纤维瘤(DF)的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的16例DF患者的临床及影像学资料,16例中7例行CT平扫与增强,7例行MRI平扫与增强,2例同时行CT、MRI检查。结果:16例DF均为单发,包括腹外型7例,腹壁型5例,腹内型4例。边界不清14例,边界清晰2例。呈浸润性生长13例,膨胀性生长3例。病灶与肌肉长轴平行9例。CT表现:9例平扫呈稍低密度,未见出血、坏死及钙化,增强扫描飘带样强化7例,6例延迟扫描均呈渐进性持续强化。MRI表现9例均见T2WI抑脂条带状低信号,未见出血、坏死,增强扫描均呈明显不均匀强化、延迟呈渐进性持续强化。"蟹足样"浸润周围组织5例;"筋膜尾征"4例。结论:DF的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征,综合分析这些特点对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。CT和MRI可清晰评估DF边缘和范围,有助于术前制定手术计划。     

滇西六合正长斑岩和花岗岩包体中锆石U-Pb年代和微量元素地球化学研究

六合正长斑岩是滇西新生代富碱斑岩的典型代表,以发育各类深浅不一的岩石包体而闻名,其中包括了同期的花岗岩包体;主岩和包体所蕴含的深部地质过程对于富碱岩浆的形成和演化具有重要约束作用。本文以六合正长斑岩和其中花岗岩包体的锆石微量元素地球化学为研究重点,结合主岩主量元素、锆石U-Pb年龄、Ti温度、锆石氧逸度的对比研究,分析和探讨富碱岩浆的形成和演化过程。研究表明:锆石U-Pb年龄所限定的六合富碱岩浆活动时限为(37.89±0.96)~(35.87±0.58) Ma;而花岗岩包体代表的同期富硅酸性岩浆活动时限为(38.21±0.44)~(36.21±0.36) Ma;两者几乎同步活动。锆石微量元素成因判别图显示主岩锆石主要位于钾镁煌斑岩范围,暗示富碱岩浆源区具地幔属性;花岗岩包体锆石大多位于花岗岩范围,两者在花岗岩范围有部分重叠,证实了主岩锆石和花岗岩包体锆石结晶时存在共同的生长环境。Ce^(Ⅳ)/Ce^(Ⅲ)比值估算和Ti温度计算显示,在36.42~36.41 Ma范围内富碱岩浆氧逸度和锆石结晶温度发生突变,指示在该时限内富碱岩浆及所裹挟的花岗质岩浆发生了混合作用;氧逸度的振荡降低反映了后期幔源岩浆的补充。综合研究认为,六合地区来自富集地幔的喜山期富碱岩浆底侵熔化上覆深部地壳长英质岩石形成花岗质岩浆,随即以富碱岩浆为主与少量花岗质岩浆不均一混合并同步结晶成岩形成含有花岗岩包体的正长斑岩。     

Pyrite trace element geochemistry of mafic granulite xenoliths from Xikeer: implications for the source of Cu in the sediment-hosted mineralization in the northwestern Tarim Basin (Northwest China)

The Xikeer mafic granulite xenoliths are hosted by a Cenozoic basanite sill (∼20 Ma) in the northwest Tarim Basin, northwest China. Sulfides, identified in these xenoliths consist mainly of pyrite. Two groups of pyrite (types A and B) can be distinguished based on petrography and trace element geochemistry, as determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS analysis. Type A pyrite is subhedral and in general has lower trace element abundance than type B pyrite. Type B pyrite is fractured with ragged anhedral morphology and has extremely high Cu, Tl, Ni, and Co abundance. The low Co and Ni contents combined with a positive correlation between Cu, Cr, and Pb all indicate that the type A pyrite may have formed from a high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, the Cu-, Tl-, Ni-, and Co-rich type B pyrite was probably formed in a relatively low-temperature basinal environment. The Cu mineralization at Xikeer can be explained when Cu, Tl, Ni, and Co were leached from the intruded basanites and subsequently enriched in circulating basin brines. Such enrichment of Cu in basin brines could provide an important Cu source for the Cu mineralization in the Xikeer district and other Cenozoic sub-basins in the Tarim Basin.     

Are burnt sediments reliable recorders of geomagnetic field strength?

This study tests if burnt soils and sediments can provide reliable records of geomagnetic field strength at the time of burning by carrying out an experiment to reproduce the prehistoric use of fire on a clayish soil substratum. Rock magnetic experiments showed that in the upper 0–1 cm of the central part of the burnt surface, remanence is a thermoremanent magnetization carried by single-domain magnetite and that samples are thermally stable. Fourteen specimens from that area were subjected to paleointensity experiments with the Coe method (1967). An intensity of 42.9 ± 5.7 μT was estimated below 440°C, whereas at higher temperatures magneto-mineralogical alterations were observed. Corresponding successful microwave intensity determinations from two specimens gave a mean value of 47.6 μT. Both results are in reasonable agreement with the expected field value of 45.2 μT. Burnt soils of archeological fires thus have the potential to record accurately the paleofield strength and may be useful targets for archeointensity investigations. Coincident results obtained from two different paleointensity determination methods support this conclusion.     

粤港澳大湾区某地天然放射性环境调查与评价

天然放射性辐射是衡量优质人居环境的一项重要指标,在城市建设中开展放射性环境调查必不可少.2020年5月-10月,以(250～500)m×(50～100)m的网度布设测量点,在粤港澳大湾区某地开展1:25000环境地表γ辐射剂量率测量.结果表明,区内整体辐射环境未发生明显变化,且处于正常水平.区内环境地表γ辐射水平可分为城镇人口密集区、基岩出露区和原野区3类,其中人口密集区的环境地表γ辐射水平略高于天然本底值2.48％～13.73％;基岩出露区环境地表γ辐射水平普遍高于天然本底值3.92％～65.29％;原野区环境地表γ辐射水平普遍低于天然本底值17.65％～40.20％,共发现10处异常高数值区(点),均与区内裸露的花岗岩及断裂构造带密切相关.居民所受环境地表γ辐射所致公众人均年有效剂量平均值为0.693 mSv·a-1,与全国辐射环境质量水平相当.圈定异常区4处,区内常驻人员需做好防护措施,或减少停留时间.     

Multimass schemes for collisionless N-body simulations

We present a general scheme for constructing Monte Carlo realizations of equilibrium, collisionless galaxy models with known distribution function (DF) f ₀. Our method uses importance sampling to find the sampling DF f _s that minimizes the mean-square formal errors in a given set of projections of the DF f ₀. The result is a multimass N -body realization of the galaxy model in which 'interesting' regions of phase space are densely populated by lots of low-mass particles, increasing the effective N there, and less interesting regions by fewer, higher mass particles.
As a simple application, we consider the case of minimizing the shot noise in estimates of the acceleration field for an N -body model of a spherical Hernquist model. Models constructed using our scheme easily yield a factor of ∼100 reduction in the variance at the central acceleration field when compared to a traditional equal-mass model with the same number of particles. When evolving both models with a real N -body code, the diffusion coefficients in our model are reduced by a similar factor. Therefore, for certain types of problems, our scheme is a practical method for reducing the two-body relaxation effects, thereby bringing the N -body simulations closer to the collisionless ideal.     

El Niño-Southern Oscillation impacts on winter winds over Southern California

Changes in wintertime 10 m winds due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation are examined using a 6 km resolution climate simulation of Southern California covering the period from 1959 through 2001. Wind speed statistics based on regional averages reveal a general signal of increased mean wind speeds and wind speed variability during El Niño across the region. An opposite and nearly as strong signal of decreased wind speed variability during La Niña is also found. These signals are generally more significant than the better-known signals in precipitation. In spite of these regional-scale generalizations, there are significant sub-regional mesoscale structures in the wind speed impacts. In some cases, impacts on mean winds and wind variability at the sub-regional scale are opposite to those of the region as a whole. All of these signals can be interpreted in terms of shifts in occurrences of the region’s main wind regimes due to the El Niño phenomenon. The results of this study can be used to understand how interannual wind speed variations in regions of Southern California are influenced by the El Niño phenomenon.