Quasi-periodic burst structure at 2.8 GHz and its relationship to burst morphological parameters

Fifteen examples of quasi-periodic 2.8 GHz burst emission observed at the La Posta Astrogeophysical Observatory during the period December 1966 through May 1973 were identified. The periods of these events and those of 22 additional events previously reported in the literature were plotted against burst morphological parameters. The relationship between period and event energy was found to be considerably weaker than initially reported by Cribbens and Matthews.     

A note on frame transformations with applications to geodetic datums

Rigorous equations in compact symbolic matrix notation are introduced to transform coordinates and velocities between ITRF frames and modern GPS-based geocentric geodetic datums. The theory is general but, after neglecting higher than second-order terms, it is shown that the equations revert to the formulation currently applied in most major continental datums. We discuss several examples: the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference System of 1989 (ETRS89), the Geodetic Datum of Australia of 1994 (GDA94), and the South American Geocentric Reference System (SIRGAS). Electronic Publication     

Application of multiple sublethal stress indicators to assess the health of fish in Pamlico Sound following extensive flooding

Multiple indicators of sublethal stress (bioindicators) were used to assess the health and condition of two important estuarine fish species in the Pamlico Sound estuary following extensive flooding from three sequential hurricanes that occurred during early fall 1999. Bioindicators ranging from the biochemical to the reproductive and organism-level were used to assess the health of southern flounder and spot in Pamlico Sound compared to the health of these same species sampled from a relatively unaffected references site in lower Core Sound. Many of the physiological, reproductive, immunological, histopathological, and general condition indices suggested that both species, and particularly spot, in Pamlico Sound were sublethally stressed and in poorer condition than fish sampled from Core Sound. The major environmental stressors causing these sublethal stress responses in Pamlico Sound fish appears to be those related to episodic hypoxic exposure or a combination of effects associated with hypoxic conditions such as alterations in preferred habitat and food availability. Although fish populations in Pamlico Sound do not appear to be severely damaged or impaired at this time, organisms that are sublethally stressed can incur increased vulnerability to additional or future stressors such as modified physicochemical regimes, changes in food and habitat availability, and increases in infectious pathogens. Because of the low flushing rate (～1 yr) of Pamlico Sound, recovery rate may be exceptionally slow, prolonging any adverse effects of altered nutrient regimes (such as hypoxia) on the health and fitness of resident fish populations. Flooding from the 1999 hurricanes may have contributed to the short-term health and condition of finfish species in Pamlico Sound and also influenced longer-term recovery and ecological status of this system. Longer-term manifestation of effects from flooding may be of particular concern as the frequency of hurricanes is expected to increase over the next few years and the accelerated uses of the coastal zone places further stress on estuarine resources.     

西藏日喀则地区德村-昂仁蛇绿岩内基性岩的元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其揭示的特提斯地幔域特征

系统研究了西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区德村、吉丁和昂仁蛇绿岩中基性岩石的元素与 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素地球化学特征。这些基性岩石,包括玄武岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩,属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土元素亏损的 N-MORB 型,(La/Yh)_N=0.31～0.65(除样品 DC993为1.17)。在原始地幔标准化微量元素图上,亏损高度不相容元素,与 N-MORB 配分模式一致。相对于 Th,无 Nb、Ta的亏损,显示样品不是产于 SSZ 环境。经构造环境图解判别,样品落入了 N-MORB 区域内;这些元素成分特征表明样品具有洋中脊环境或成熟的弧后盆地环境属性。Sr、Nd 和 Pb同位素组成特征表明特提斯地幔源区以 DM(亏损地幔)为主,同时存在少量 EMⅡ(富集地幔类型Ⅱ)、Sr,Nd 和 Pb 同位素组成特征还表明特提斯地幔域具有印度洋 MORB 型的 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素组成特征。本文的结果进一步支持 Zhang et al.(2005)的研究结果,现今印度洋不仅在地理位置上占据了曾经是特提斯洋的大部分,而且它的地幔域还继承了曾经特提斯的地幔域的地球化学特征。     

内蒙古温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔蛇绿岩的元素与同位素地球化学：对古亚洲洋东部地幔域特征的限制

内蒙古中部发育的三条蛇绿岩带是华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的缝合带。本文系统研究了其中的温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔两个蛇绿岩带中变质玄武岩的元素和 Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学。苏右旗温都尔庙碱性玄武岩为轻稀土富集型;岩石具有板内和大陆裂谷区玄武岩的特征,可能代表了600Ma 左右,温都尔庙地区开始发育的新洋盆。采自苏左旗的巴彦敖包-交其尔玄武岩分为两类,一类呈现轻稀土富集型,呈洋岛玄武岩特征;另一类具有明显的 Nb、Ta 负异常,显示大洋岛弧玄武岩特征,洋岛玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋曾经发育洋盆,大洋岛弧玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋内部有大洋岩石圈之间的俯冲。将本文的古亚洲洋洋岛玄武岩与中国西南地区的特提斯洋岛玄武岩进行系统的元素和同位素地球化学特征对比表明,古亚洲洋的洋岛玄武岩显示高 U/Pb(HU)和北大西洋和太平洋省的特征,而特提斯洋岛玄武岩属于印度洋省。这些说明古亚洲洋地幔域与特提斯地幔域是两个独立的构造域,它们代表了长期演化的两个不同的地幔地球化学域。     

Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in metal deuteroxides: a neutron powder diffraction study of Mn(OD)2 and β-Co(OD)2.

The structures of deuterated pyrochroite, Mn(OD)₂ and β−Cο(OD)₂ have been refined using the Rietveld method and neutron powder diffraction data collected in an opposed-anvil high pressure (Paris-Edinburgh) cell from room pressure to 9 GPa. The equation of state for Mn(OD)₂ was determined (K=41(3) GPa for fixed K′=4.7) and found to be consistent with previous studies of the isostructural brucite, Mg(OD)₂. The compressibility of β−Cο(OD)₂ on the other hand is apparently anomalous. The c-axis initially decreases at 3 times the rate of decrease of the a-axis; the ratio decreases to about 1.5 at an estimated 6 GPa before increasing again beyond this pressure. There is no obvious corresponding anomaly in the details of the atomic structure. In both materials there is an increase in the D-site disorder with pressure. A split-site model for the D-positions best fits the data at pressures above 8 GPa. There is no statistically significant increase in the O-D interatomic distance at increased pressure while the hydrogen bonding interaction D...O appears to increase as this distance decreases and the O-D...O angle increases. The intramolecular O-D bond valences, determined indirectly from the intermolecular D...O distances, decrease steadily for both materials as pressure is increased. Received: 31 October 1996 / Revised, accepted: 27 February 1997     

Uplift rates of the Loyalty Islands as determined by 230Th234U dating of raised coral terraces

Uplift rates of the Loyalty Islands (S.W. Pacific) have been determined from ${}^{230}\text{Th}{}^{234}\text{U}$ dating of raised coral terraces standing 2 to 7.5 m above sea level. The ages of the terraces on Ouvéa and Lifou correspond closely to previously documented periods of high sea levels at 120,000 and 180,000 yr BP. A +2-m terrace on Beautemps-Beaupré is considered to be beyond the range of the dating technique. The uplift rates of the various islands show a decrease toward the west. This lends support to the hypothesis of a lithospheric bulge of the leading edge of the Australian plate prior to its subduction at the level of the New Hebrides trench.     

Recrystallization and peristerite formation in albite

Plagioclase in the range An₂-An₁₀ in a relatively undeformed Quartz—feldspar pegmatite is compared with similar material in a strongly deformed and recrystallized shear zone. Optical and transmission electron microscope observations and chemical data are discussed in terms of established mechanisms of strain induced recrystallization.Recrystallization occurs by the formation of subgrains from recovery, and their subsequent growth by boundary migration or coalescence by rotation. It is suggested that the recrystallization and grain growth are enhanced by a small increase in the anorthite content. Peristerite formation in the recrystallized grains is associated with the migration of high angle boundaries under upper greenschist facies conditions.     

Transmission electron microscope study of the domain structures associated with the b-, c-, d-, e- and f-reflections in plagioclase feldspars

Ten specimens of plagioclase feldspars (An₁₀₀ to An₂₅) have been examined by transmission electron microscopy using dark field and direct lattice imaging. The specimens are classified into two groups: (i) those that have been quenched from the melt (synthetic An₁₀₀, An₉₅, An₆₆ and An₅₀) and (ii) those that have been cooled relatively slowly (An₉₄, An₇₇, An₇₅, An₅₂, An₃₂ and An₂₆). The observed contrast is interpreted in detail using the two-beam dynamical theory of electron diffraction contrast. The fault vectors of the antiphase boundaries (APBs) observed in An₁₀₀ and An₇₇ are determined. Direct resolution of the sublattice and superlattice in specimens of intermediate composition (An₇₅ to An₂₅) indicates that the superlattice is not a regular array of out-of-step faults and is probably due to a simple sinusoidal distortion of the structure. Only three specimens (An₁₀₀, An₇₇ and An₅₀) exhibited a single structural type. All the remaining specimens consisted of intergrowths of two structural types. The structural type present in any particular specimen depends upon its An-content and thermal history. The rate of transformation from any structural type to a lower-temperature structural type appears to decrease with decreasing An-content.