使用计算机作图显示三维地质表面

由于目前越来越多的地质信息由计算机来处理,计算机图形技术也越来越多的用来显示地质信息的几何状态。本文表明用于表面成像的计算机图形技术已经应用于许多地质学分支。 地质学是一门包括从原子到天体不同尺度自然结构的学科,对地质学家来说,无论尺度是单个矿物还是整个行星,使它们的三     

地壳磁化强度模型和居里等温面

利用卫星观测的长波磁异常，用等效偶极源方法推导了中国地区的视磁化强度分布．因卫星的高度远大于磁性地壳的厚度，将视磁化强度转换成磁化强度的垂直积分，它代表地壳内磁性物质的区域变化，利用视磁化强度与地表热流相应关系，计算了中国的新疆和东部一些地区居里等温面的深度．新疆地区的居里面深度为35-50km，其分布形态与塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的地貌比较相似；中国东部一些地区居里面深度在20-40km之间，与一些作者用航磁等数据得到的居里深度十分接近．     

西太平洋海-气相互作用研究进展

主要对近十几年来我国在西太平洋海域海-气相互作用方面的研究成果作一简要回顾通过参与国际合作，我国在西太平洋海域已经获得大量观测资料，并在海气能量交换和物质交换方面取得了不少科研成果这些成果主要包括：（1）近中国海和热带西太平洋海域的海面动量、热量交换特征；（2）西太平洋及暖油海域的边界层特征；（3）海上气溶胶特性及分布规律；（4）热带西太平洋海-气二氧化碳交换。     

喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面研究的进展

概述了1992─1996年中、美、德合作开展“喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面及综合研究”的主要进展，包括研究项目的提出、工作进展概况和取得的主要科学、技术成果；并对今后的工作提出了建议．     

Capillary geochemistry in non-saturated zone of soils. Water content and geochemical signatures

The unsaturated zone (UZ) retains aqueous solutions against gravity by capillary forces. This suction state corresponds to a decreasing internal pressure of the water, which modifies its thermodynamic properties. Accordingly, the speciation of solutes and the solubility of solids and gases in such capillary solutions change. The volumetric capillary water content of the soil at high suction can be calculated extrapolating the water retention curves (WRC) with the Rossi–Nimmo model. Interestingly, several tens of liters per cubic meter of soil can be thus suctioned, a sufficiently large volume to support that: (1) capillary water is not restricted to nanosized pores, which means it disobeys the Young–Laplace law and is metastable with respect to vapor (superheating); and (2) the geochemistry of capillary solutions might significantly influence the subsurface mass transfer. Two field situations are here interpreted using the capillary thermodynamic properties: (1) the trapping of sand grains during the growth of desert roses (gypsum), and (2) the development of abnormal paragenetic sequences in some saprolites.The capillary approach is extended to the soil solids, so that the micro-mineralogy can be explicitly (though sketchily) integrated in the calculations. The key conclusion is that capillarity changes the saturation indexes (and so the reaction rates) at given solution composition, in a way consistent with the field observations. This perspective amounts to geochemically distinguishing the capillary and percolating solutions, which is interestingly analogous to the immobile and mobile water distinction already often integrated in UZ flow models.     

The adoption of a local food concept in post-communist context: Farm shops in Czechia

The article examines an alternative food network evolution in the post-communist context in Czechia in general and farm shop developments in particular. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with farm shopkeepers operating in Czechia. The results revealed that the development of the farm shop network was significantly shaped by the communist past of the country. While consumers’ demand for quality food contributed to the initiation of developments in local food movements such as farm shops in Czechia, the inconvenient structure of the farming sector, comprising a limited number of small-scale farmers, hindered the development. Although the farm shops usually operate as middlemen by reselling goods produced by a range of farmers, farm shopkeepers expressed significant awareness of the sustainability principles of the local food concept and dissociated themselves from unethical practices of large retailers. Nevertheless, the author finds that the local concept is used in a flexible manner to meet customers’ demands. Despite obstacles faced by farmers when developing their own farm shops, there is significant potential in ‘Czech-type’ farm shops operating solely as retailers. However, the author concludes that the threat of the diversion from the sustainability principles of the local food concept should not be neglected.     

Maintaining grassroots activism: Transition Towns in Aotearoa New Zealand

As a result of burgeoning social and environmental issues, localisation movements such as Transition Towns are emerging. However, tension exists as to the best scale and method to create and maintain this community activism. In this study, we explore the activities of two Transition Towns in Aotearoa New Zealand through a qualitative mixed methodology, and argue that relational notions of scale and the notion of progressive localisms enable an appreciation of the locally rooted but outward looking nature of Transition activities. In turn, this creates space to acknowledge the diffuse nature of change, redefine success and sustain momentum.     

A correlation study based on Al/Si x-ray fluorescence data from Southwestern part of mare serenitatis

The Tacquet Formation in southwestern Mare Serenitatis has unusually low visible albedos for the Al/Si intensity ratios measured by the Apollo 15 X-ray fluorescence experiment. This is a contradiction of the demonstrated good correlation between Al/Si and visible albedo data. To understand why this situation exists, a correlation study has been undertaken. This study is based on Al/Si intensity ratios and includes such other remote sensing data as visible and near IR spectral reflectance, color-difference and color-ratio photography, and broad spectrum visible albedo measurements. The Tacquet unit appears to have: (1) an average Al/Si intensity which is intermediate between mare and highland values (=0.21); (2) visible albedos equivalent to the two darkest mare units in the Tranquillitatis-Serenitatis area; (3) a low titanium content; and (4) a relatively high glass-to-crystal ratio. The evidence indicates that the discrepancy between visible albedos and Al/Si intensities in the vicinity of the Tacquet Formation might be due primarily to the addition of highland-type ejecta from the crater, Menelaus, onto a low albedo mare unit. The possibility that the formation consists of dark, high Al material such as spinel, perhaps extruded from the Menelaus Rilles, cannot be excluded, although no such material has been sampled by the lunar missions.