全文获取类型
收费全文 | 116篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
大气科学 | 11篇 |
地球物理 | 29篇 |
地质学 | 55篇 |
海洋学 | 14篇 |
天文学 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 9篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Peter Schmid-Beurmann Luisa Ottolini Frédéric Hatert Thorsten Geisler Magdalena Huyskens Volker Kahlenberg 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(4):501-515
The topotactic oxidation and delithiation reaction from triphylite, Li(Fe,Mn)PO4, leading to ferrisicklerite, Li<1(Fe3+,Mn2+)PO4, was investigated under hydrothermal conditions. A cuboid cut from a triphylite single-crystal (Palermo Mine, New Hampshire, USA) with the composition Li0.93(3)(Fe2+ 0.733(6),Fe3+ 0.015(1),Mn2+ 0.210(4),Mg0.063(2))1.021(8)P1.00(2)O4 in addition with ground bulk material were treated with KMnO4 and 30 % H2O2(aq) as oxidizing agent in a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution in the temperature range between 60 and 200 °C. At 120 °C a rim of 0.1 mm thickness of ferrisicklerite had formed around the core of unreacted triphylite. The sharp reaction boundary was clearly visible, due to the reddish brown absorption colors of ferrisicklerite, compared to colorless triphylite. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy the product ferrisicklerite was characterized and its composition determined as Li0.30(7)(Fe2+ 0.049(1)Fe3+ 0.65(2)Mn2+ 0.218(5)Mg0.062(2))0.98(1)P1.01(3)O4, with unit cell parameters a?=?4.795(1), b?=?9.992(4), and c?=?5.886(2) Å. EPMA investigations across the reaction boundary showed no changes in the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Mg, and P. In contrast, SIMS measurements clearly proved the delithiated state of the ferrisicklerite product. Polarization microscopy revealed that the orientation of the ferrisicklerite rim was the same as that of the original triphylite single-crystal, confirming the strictly topotactic character of the reaction. 相似文献
82.
Yvonne Sawall Jamaluddin Jompa Magdalena Litaay Andi Maddusila Claudio Richter 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
Coral recruitment was assessed in highly diverse and economically important Spermonde Archipelago, a reef system subjected to land-based sources of siltation/pollution and destructive fishing, over a period of 2 years. Recruitment on settlement tiles reached up to 705 spat m−2 yr−1 and was strongest in the dry season (July–October), except off-shore, where larvae settled earlier. Pocilloporidae dominated near-shore, while a more diverse community of Acroporidae, Poritidae and others settled in the less polluted mid-shelf and off-shore reefs. Non-coral fouling community appeared to hardly influence initial coral settlement on the tiles, although, this does not necessarily infer low coral post-settlement mortality, which may be enhanced at the near- and off-shore reefs as indicated by increased abundances of potential space competitors on natural substrate. Blast fishing showed no local reduction in coral recruitment and live hard coral cover increased in oligotrophic reefs, indicating potential for coral recovery, if managed effectively. 相似文献
83.
84.
Predictability of the mid-latitude Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in a multi-model system 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Holger Pohlmann Doug M. Smith Magdalena A. Balmaseda Noel S. Keenlyside Simona Masina Daniela Matei Wolfgang A. Müller Philippe Rogel 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(3-4):775-785
Assessing the skill of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in decadal hindcasts (i.e. retrospective predictions) is hampered by a lack of observations for verification. Models are therefore needed to reconstruct the historical AMOC variability. Here we show that ten recent oceanic syntheses provide a common signal of AMOC variability at 45°N, with an increase from the 1960s to the mid-1990s and a decrease thereafter although they disagree on the exact magnitude. This signal correlates with observed key processes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, sub-polar gyre strength, Atlantic sea surface temperature dipole, and Labrador Sea convection that are thought to be related to the AMOC. Furthermore, we find potential predictability of the mid-latitude AMOC for the first 3–6 year means when we validate decadal hindcasts for the past 50 years against the multi-model signal. However, this predictability is not found in models driven only by external radiative changes, demonstrating the need for initialization of decadal climate predictions. 相似文献
85.
Magdalena Falco Andrea F. Carril Laurent Z. X. Li Carlos Cabrelli Claudio G. Menndez 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(3):1553-1569
This paper aims to identify those regions within the South American continent where the Regional Climate Models (RCMs) have the potential to add value (PAV) compared to their coarser-resolution global forcing. For this, we used a spatial-scale filtering method based on the wavelet theory to distinguish the regional climatic signal present in atmospheric surface fields from observed data (CPC and TRMM) and 6 RCM simulations belonging to the CORDEX Project. The wavelet used for filtering was Haar wavelet, but a comparative analysis with Daubechies 4 wavelet indicated that meteorological fields or regional indices were not very sensitive to the wavelet selected. Once the longer wavelengths were filtered, we focused on analyzing the spatial variability of extreme rainfall and the spatiotemporal variability of maximum and minimum surface air temperature on a daily basis. The results obtained suggest essential differences in the spatial distribution of the small-scale signal of extreme precipitation between TRMM and regional models, together with a large dispersion between models. While TRMM and CPC register a large signal throughout the continent, the RCMs place it over the Andes Cordillera and some over tropical South America. PAV signal for surface air temperature was found over the Andes Cordillera and the Brazilian Highlands, which are regions characterized by complex topography, and also on the coasts of the continent. The signal came specially from the small-scale stationary component. The transient part is much smaller than the stationary one, except over la Plata Basin where they are of the same order of magnitude. Also, the RCMs and CPC showed a large spread between them in representing this transient variability. The results confirm that RCMs have the potential to add value in the representation of extreme precipitation and the mean surface temperature in South America. However, this condition is not applicable throughout the whole continent but is particularly relevant in those terrestrial regions where the surface forcing is strong, such as the Andes Cordillera or the coasts of the continent. 相似文献
86.
Reconstruction of landscape paleohydrology using the sediment archives of three dystrophic lakes in northeastern Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Danuta Drzymulska Magdalena Fiłoc Mirosława Kupryjanowicz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(1):45-62
Sediment layers of uniform age within lakes (isochrones) and their patterns reflect accumulation processes which can be correlated with hydrologic conditions in lake basins. The sedimentary archives in three small dystrophic lakes in northeastern Poland are described based on the correlation of local pollen assemblage zones in cores that were collected from the centers and margins of each lake. Past regional groundwater levels could be discerned from the shape of the isochrones, whether plane parallel or concave in configuration in relation to the lake basin shape. The concave configuration of the isochrones in the studied lakes shows that regional groundwater levels remained mostly high and stable throughout their history. The water levels in each lake during the Late Glacial and throughout the Holocene were different and no single, common water-level fluctuation pattern was identified in the three water bodies. The lack of such a finding suggests that the lakes are influenced dominantly by local hydrological factors. 相似文献
87.
Deep 3D thermal modelling for the city of Berlin (Germany) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Judith Sippel Sven Fuchs Mauro Cacace Anna Braatz Oliver Kastner Ernst Huenges Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(8):3545-3566
This study predicts the subsurface temperature distribution of Germany’s capital Berlin. For this purpose, a data-based lithosphere-scale 3D structural model is developed incorporating 21 individual geological units. This model shows a horizontal grid resolution of (500 × 500) m and provides the geometric base for two different approaches of 3D thermal simulations: (1) calculations of the steady-state purely conductive thermal field and (2) simulations of coupled fluid flow and heat transport. The results point out fundamentally different structural and thermal configurations for potential geothermal target units. The top of the Triassic Middle Buntsandstein strongly varies in depth (159–2,470 m below sea level) and predicted temperatures (15–95 °C), mostly because of the complex geometry of the underlying Permian Zechstein salt. The top of the sub-salt Sedimentary Rotliegend is rather flat (2,890–3,785 m below sea level) and reveals temperatures of 85–139 °C. The predicted 70 °C-isotherm is located at depths of about 1,500–2,200 m, cutting the Middle Buntsandstein over large parts of Berlin. The 110 °C-isotherm at 2,900–3,700 m depth widely crosscuts the Sedimentary Rotliegend. Groundwater flow results in subsurface cooling the extent of which is strongly controlled by the geometry and the distribution of the Tertiary Rupelian Clay. The cooling effect is strongest where this clay-rich aquitard is thinnest or missing, thus facilitating deep-reaching forced convective flow. The differences between the purely conductive and coupled models highlight the need for investigations of the complex interrelation of flow- and thermal fields to properly predict temperatures in sedimentary systems. 相似文献
88.
89.
The heat of precipitation, the mean crystal size and the broadness of crystal size distribution of barium sulfate precipitating in aqueous solutions of different background electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, LiCl, NaBr or NaF), was shown to vary at constant thermodynamic driving force (supersaturation) and constant ionic strength depending on the salt present in solution. The relative inversion in the effect of respective background ions on the characteristics of barite precipitate was observed between two studied supersaturation (Ω) and ionic strength (IS) conditions. The crystal size variance (β2) increased in the presence of background electrolytes in the order LiCl < NaCl < KCl at Ω = 103.33 and IS = 0.03 M and KCl < NaCl < LiCl at Ω = 103.77 and IS = 0.09 M. At a given Ω and IS the respective size of barite crystals decreased with increasing β2 in chloride salts of different cations and remained constant in sodium salts of different anions.We suggest that ionic salts affect the kinetics of barite nucleation and growth due to their influence on water of solvation and bulk solvent structure. This idea is consistent with the hypothesis that the kinetic barrier for barium sulfate nucleation depends on the frequency of water exchange around respective building units that can be modified by additives present in solution. In electrolyte solution the relative switchover between long range electrostatic interactions and short range hydration forces, which influence the dynamics of solvent exchange between an ion solvation shell and bulk fluid, results in the observed inversion in the effect of differently hydrated salts on nucleation rates and the resulting precipitate characteristics. 相似文献
90.
Genrietta A. Pospelova Elżbieta Król Galina M. Levkovskaya Jadwiga Kruczyk Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl Sergey A. Kulakov 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):619-639
The paper presents the results of experimental rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and palynologic study of Paleolithic sediments
sampled along two profiles in the Akhshtyrskaya cave, situated in the vicinity of Black Sea shore. In the upper part of profiles,
some magnetite was observed; in the middle and lower parts, strongly oxidized non-stoichiometric magnetite and hematite prevail.
Thin maghemite covers on the surface of fine magnetite grains are present in the majority of specimens. Natural remanence
has one characteristic component (CHRM), mostly of chemical origin, although in few specimens containing magnetite it may
be sedimentary. Directions of CHRM obtained by standard paleomagnetic methods revealed anomalous pattern only in layer 3/2,
which is slightly older than the overlying layer 3/1 whose age was established as (35±2)×103 years BP by the U-Th method. This suggests that this paleomagnetic anomaly (PMA) can be correlated with Kargapolovo excursion
dated on about (45−39)×103 years BP. In the remaining overlying and underlying layers, directions of CHRM are grouped around the present geomagnetic
field. Depth distributions of scalar magnetic parameters generally coincide with the lithological division of the profiles.
Palynologic study revealed the presence of 22 pollen zones. Five thermomers separated with colder periods were found in the
middle and lower parts of profile. The non-magnetite composition of magnetic fraction of the majority of studied sediments
— oxidized nonstoichiometric magnetite and hematite — resulted in the lack of correlations between paleoclimatic and scalar
magnetic characteristics. 相似文献