Calculation method of prestack FAGVO and its applications

Frequency attenuation occurs when seismic waves propagate through the porous reservoirs containing hydrocarbons. Current researches on the seismic frequency attenuation mainly focus on the post-stack domain instead of the prestack domain. Here we propose the frequency attenuation gradient vs. offset (FAGVO) based on the amplitude variation with offset and frequency attenuation integral equations. We derive the FAGVO equation that equals to zero in a full-elastic medium and is negative in a viscoelastic medium. FAGVO is affected by the viscosity of the medium, the coefficients of reflection, the frequency variation, and high-frequency attenuation. FAGVO uses the differences of partially stacked data to decrease the interference caused by subsurface strata affecting the frequency attenuation, highlights the frequency attenuation gradient anomalies in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir pores, and finally realizes the hydrocarbon fluid identification. The method was verified using a two-dimensional wave equation forward model and was found to be cost effective. Furthermore, the method does not require well information, which can be applied in the stage of seismic exploration, especially, in the exploration of a none-well project.     

The Influence of a Local Fault Zone on High Energy Tremor Occurrence During Longwall Mining of a Coal Seam

Underground mining of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland is accompanied by seismic activity of varying magnitude. The investigations which have been performed for several years distinguished high energy mine tremors connected directly with mining or coupled with geological structures, such as large faults. In mined seams, local fault zones occur. Faults in these zones are usually small, with throws comparable with coal seams thicknesses. Local fault zone may be responsible for the occurrence of high energy tremors as well as large faults, as presented in this article. An analysis of source mechanism of high energy tremors generated during longwall mining of the coal seam No. 510, with presence of a local fault zone, in one of the Polish hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. For this purpose, the seismic moment tensor inversion method was used. In most of foci, the process of shear predominated. Determined nodal plane parameters were correlated with parameters of faults forming the local fault zone. High energy tremors were generated mostly by dislocations on faults of the local fault zone. Weakening of roof rocks in the neighborhood of local fault zone takes an important role too, and was responsible for share of implosion in the focal mechanism.     

敦煌雅丹国家地质公园地质资源调查及地学意义

敦煌雅丹国家地质公园集雅丹和沙漠湖泊地貌类型于一体,是极端干旱区大型地貌景观类地质公园的典型代表。公园内地质遗迹资源典型,保存系统、完整,类型多样,可分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5大类。以雅丹和鸣沙山月牙泉等为代表的地貌景观与享誉国内外的古丝绸之路遗迹、敦煌文化等人文历史资源相结合,是敦煌雅丹国家地质公园的优势。敦煌雅丹与其他区域的雅丹地貌相比,除具有一定的相似性外,还具有类型多、密度大、走向变化明显形态丰富、反映了多个形成演化阶段等独特性。实施地质资源调查对保护地质遗迹、开展地质科学研究和普及地学等科学知识都有重要意义。同时,对提升景区品位,进而带动敦煌旅游业的发展都将起到积极的推动作用。     

3种典型地表风沙流通量廓线研究现状

风沙流研究越来越受到人们的重视,其中风沙流通量廓线研究起着重要作用。本文总结了3种典型地表(流沙地表、草方格地表、戈壁地表)风沙流通量廓线研究现状及存在问题。由于研究方法、研究区域及集沙效率的不同,风沙流通量廓线函数有指数函数、对数函数、幂函数、分段函数等多种,同一问题不同函数模拟结果差异可达到3倍,难以应用于实际。根据研究中存在的问题,提出风沙流通量廓线研究发展趋势。     

基于互联网搜索数据的甘肃省旅游客源地时空分析

传统的统计手段可以获得旅游城市或景点的游客量,而无法获得旅游客源地游客量,本文首先把互联网搜索数据与现实游客行为之间进行关联和映射,然后将搜索量最高关键词通过自由组合和非线性多项式拟合,发现3个词组合时与现实游客行为之间R²高达0.999,最后反演出2011-2014年中国(港澳台除外)各省、直辖市和自治区至甘肃省旅游的人数,进行甘肃省旅游客源地时空数据可视化、时空数据异常探测、时空过程分析等,帮助旅游部门了解游客的来源及去处、游客的出行规律和爱好偏向,做出有针对性的决策。     

鄱阳湖流域史前人类遗址时空分布及其环境响应（英文）

The temporal-spatial geographic distribution of archaeological sites and its feature between 10.0–2.8 ka BP(ka BP= thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) were determined, based on GIS spatial analysis in the Poyang Lake Basin. The relationship between geographic distribution of sites of different periods under subsistence existence of ancient civilizations, climate and environmental change was investigated. The results revealed numerous archaeological sites of the Neolithic Age(10.0–3.6 ka BP). The sites were mainly located in the northern part of the Poyang Lake Basin, a hilly and mountainous area with many river terraces suitable for the development of human civilization. The number of archaeological sites rapidly increased during the Shang and Zhou dynasties(3.6–2.8 ka BP) and spread widely on the floodplains of the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River and onto the west, south, and southeast beach areas of the Poyang Lake. Holocene records of climate change suggested that it was possible that climate fluctuations had a great impact on human evolution in the study area. Before 3.6 ka BP, westward and northward expansion of Neolithic cultures in the Poyang Lake watershed occurred under the background of climate amelioration(becoming warmer and wetter). The ancient people lived in the hilly areas with high elevation. The simple mode of a fishing and gathering economy was mostly suited to this area in the early Neolithic Age. The scope of human activities was expanded and cultural diversity developed in the late Neolithic Age. However, with population growth and increasing survival pressure in a dry-cold climatic stage after 3.6 ka BP, this simple living mode had to be abandoned, and various forms of economy, the majority being agriculture, were developed on flood plains of the lower reaches of numerous rivers around Poyang Lake. This promoted flourishing of the Bronze culture of South China.     

华东地区矿山地质环境治理现状及应对措施

通过对华东地区5省市矿山地质环境问题的实地调查和综合研究,初步总结了该区矿山地质环境问题的主要特征和治理现状,提出了要正确处理矿业开发与生态环境的关系,用制度来规范和引领矿业开发与生态环境双赢的应对措施。     

甘肃大水金矿床成矿流体特征与来源

产于西秦岭南缘的大水金矿是一个新型金矿床。作者在前人研究的基础上,通过对大水金矿床流体包裹体的较系统研究认为,大水金矿床的方解石中的包裹体以气液包裹体为主。流体包裹体气相成分的CH4、CO、H2的含量反映属氧化环境;液相成分中阴离子以SO42-为主,Cl-次之;阳离子以K＋为主,Na＋次之。Au在成矿流体中以AuSO42-络合物的形式迁移。矿床成矿温度为120℃～220℃,属中低温范畴。w（NaCleq）盐度为2.7%～9.1%,密度为0.875～0.970g/cm3。流体水的δD值为-101‰～-61‰,δ18O（SMOW）为-0.3‰～19.42‰,δ18OH2O为-4.32‰～8.33‰,显示早期成矿流体来源于岩浆水,晚期成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合;δ13C值趋向热液成因。综合分析认为该矿床为一层控—浅成-超浅成岩浆期后中低温热液交代型金矿床,为多次构造—岩浆作用的产物。     

内蒙古黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带铅锌矿综合信息找矿模型

以产于黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带的铅锌矿产为预测矿种,以铅锌矿矿床为目标物,较系统地分析了地层、岩浆岩等地质条件与铅锌矿产的关系,查明各种地质条件对铅锌矿产的控制作用与控制方式。二叠系与铅锌成矿在空间分布和物质成分方面有着密切的联系,锰质钙铁辉石夕卡岩及火山沉积岩为铅锌成矿提供物质来源;燕山期岩浆侵入活动形成的中酸性侵入体为有利岩体;成矿带内多组方向断裂的交汇部位是矿化富集区,使得矿床以北东成带、东西成行,各矿床之间具有等距离的特点进行分布。由地质信息、地球化学信息及矿化信息构成的矿床级别的综合信息找矿模型,为成矿带内铅锌矿产预测提供了理论依据。