一种用于TEM高灵敏度感应式磁场传感器设计

瞬变电磁法(TEM)作为地球物理非地震探勘主要电磁方法之一,广泛应用于油气、矿产等地下资源探测.本文分析TEM磁场传感器频率响应特点,采用欠阻尼匹配拓展传感器线性响应频率范围;分析磁传感器各类噪声源分布,提出不同频段上影响磁传感器性能的主要因素.最终研制一款高磁导率磁芯的TEM感应式磁场传感器,工作频段为10 mHz~1 kHz,等效输入噪声水平为4pT/√Hz@1Hz, 15fT/√Hz@200 Hz,传感器直径为50 mm,长度800 mm,重量3.2 kg,相比现有TEM接收磁场传感器,体积小、重量轻、工作频段低.实验测试与生产作业表明:最新研制的高灵敏度TEM磁场传感器更加适合大深度、3D阵列电磁勘探.     

湖南万古金矿床地幔流体成矿的氦同位素证据

从湖南万古金矿区采集４件石英样品进行了氦同位素测定，获得了＾３Ｈｅ／＾４Ｈｅ值２３１×１０＾－６－１４６０×１０＾－６的数据，该数据反映了在万古金矿床形成时富＾３Ｈｅ流体与成矿作用。而这种富＾３Ｈｅ流体可能是受构造活动影响，由地幔岩石减压部分脱气造成动力学分馏而形成。     

Mineral magnetism and other characteristics of sediments from an alpine lake (3,410 m a.s.l.) in central China and implications for late Holocene climate and environment

The Qinling Mountain Range (33°–34°30′N, 107°–111°E; 3,767 m a.s.l.) lies south of the Chinese Loess Plateau and functions as the boundary between ‘north’ and ‘south’ China. Taibai Mountain (33°41′–34°10′N, 107°19′–107°58′E; 3,767 m a.s.l.) is the central massif and highest part of the range and is the highest mountain in eastern and central China, east of 105°E. It is also one of two mountains higher than the modern climatic timberline and the only one where high alpine lakes (>2,500 m a.s.l.) exist in eastern and central China. Sediments were recovered from Foye Chi (33°57′N, 107°44′E; 3,410 m a.s.l.), a small lake on the southern slope of the mountain, and measured for magnetic properties. Chronological control was achieved with AMS ¹⁴C dating. Combined with analyses of particle-size, TOC, C/N, δ¹³C_org and pollen in these sediments, and magnetic properties of catchment soils, the mineral-magnetic data reveal late Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes on the high-altitude southern slope of Taibai Mountain. Climate gradually ameliorated about 2,300 cal yr BP and warm and wet conditions occurred afterwards, culminating from 1,700 to 1,510 cal yr BP. The climate began to deteriorate at 1,510 cal yr BP, but was still warmer and wetter than present until ~663 cal yr BP. Cool, arid conditions peaked and were cooler and drier than the present at 663–290 cal yr BP, coincident with the Little Ice Age. Climate became warmer and more humid again after 290 cal yr BP. Data from these less anthropologically-disturbed alpine-lake sediments provide a record of late Holocene palaeoenvironmental change that supplements information from historical documents and literature for eastern and central China.     

Mechanism and forecasting methods for severe droughts and floods in Songhua River Basin in China

The influence of various factors, mechanisms, and principles affecting runoff are summarized as periodic law, random law, and basin-wide law. Periodic law is restricted by astronomical factors, random law is restricted by atmospheric circulation, and basin-wide law is restricted by underlying surface. The commensurability method was used to identify the almost period law, the wave method was applied to deducing the random law, and the precursor method was applied in order to forecast runoff magnitude for the current year. These three methods can be used to assess each other and to forecast runoff. The system can also be applied to forecasting wet years, normal years and dry years for a particular year as well as forecasting years when floods with similar characteristics of previous floods, can be expected. Based on hydrological climate data of Baishan (1933-2009) and Nierji (1886-2009) in the Songhua River Basin, the forecasting results for 2010 show that it was a wet year in the Baishan Reservoir, similar to the year of 1995; it was a secondary dry year in the Nierji Reservoir, similar to the year of 1980. The actual water inflow into the Baishan Reservoir was 1.178 × 10 10 m 3 in 2010, which was markedly higher than average inflows, ranking as the second highest in history since records began. The actual water inflow at the Nierji station in 2010 was 9.96 × 10 9 m 3 , which was lower than the average over a period of many years. These results indicate a preliminary conclusion that the methods proposed in this paper have been proved to be reasonable and reliable, which will encourage the application of the chief reporter release system for each basin. This system was also used to forecast inflows for 2011, indicating a secondary wet year for the Baishan Reservoir in 2011, similar to that experienced in 1991. A secondary wet year was also forecast for the Nierji station in 2011, similar to that experienced during 1983. According to the nature of influencing factors, mechanisms and forecasting methods and the service objects, mid-to long-term hydrological forecasting can be divided into two classes:mid-to long-term runoff forecasting, and severe floods and droughts forecasting. The former can be applied to quantitative forecasting of runoff, which has important applications for water release schedules. The latter, i.e., qualitative disaster forecasting, is important for flood control and drought relief. Practical methods for forecasting severe droughts and floods are discussed in this paper.     

Amplicon-Based Illumina Sequencing and Quantitative PCR Reveals Nanoplankton Diversity and Biomass in Surface Water of Qinhuangdao Coastal Area,China

Aureococcus anophagefferens caused brown tides for three consecutive years from 2009 to 2011 in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China, with numerous, widespread ecological and economic impact on ecosystems. To understand the population dynamics of nanoplankton during the brown tides, sequences of the V9 region of the 18 S rDNA gene, used as a marker, were analyzed by Illumina sequencing to assess nanoplankton biomass, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to analyze spatial variation in the 18 S rDNA copy concentrations of nanoplankton off the Qinhuangdao coast in July, 2011. The results showed that A. anophagefferens and Minutocellus polymorphus were the dominant species in the local phytoplankton community during the brown tide in July 2011. The highest 18 S rDNA copy concentrations of A. anophagefferens and M. polymorphus were detected at stations SHG and FN, respectively. The central area most strongly affected by the brown tide migrated southward from 2011 to 2013. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that the decreasing NOx concentration might provide suitable nutrient conditions for the A. anophagefferens outbreak. During the brown tide caused by A. anophagefferens, other phytoplankton, such as diatoms, cryptophytes, chlorophytes, dinoflagellates and other flagellates, could co-occur with it. For zooplankton, due to less selective feeding behavior, Amoebozoa was the most abundant zooplankton at station SHG, while Ciliophora was the most abundant zooplankton at other stations for its more selective feeding.     

Identification of Provocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella by fluorescence in situ hybridization through epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Partial rDNA sequences of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella were amplified,cloned and sequenced,and these sequence data were deposited in the GenBank.Eight oligonucleotide probes(DNA probes)were designed based on the sequence analysis.The probes were employed to detect and identify P.minimum and T. pulchella in unialgal and mixed algal samples with a fuorescence in situ hybridization method using flow cytometry.Epifluorescence micrographs showed that these specific probes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate entered the algal cells and bound to target sequences,and the fluorescence signal resulting from whole-cell hybridization varied from probe to probe.These DNA probes and the hybridization protocol we developed were specific and effective for P.minimum and T. pulchella,without any specific binding to other algal species.The hyrbridization efficiency of difierent probes specific to P.minimum was in the order:PMl8S02＞PM28S02＞PM28S01＞PM18S01,and that of the probes specific to T. pulchella was TP18S02＞TP28S01＞TP28S02＞TP18S01.The djfferent hybridization efficiency of the DNA probes could also be shown in the fuorescent signals between the labeled and unlabeled cells demonstrated using flow cytometry.The DNA probes PM18S02,PM28S02,TPl8S02 and TP28S01,and the protocol,were also useful for the detection of algae in natural samples.     

赤潮藻鉴定与定量检测方法进展

从基于形态学差异的图像识别技术、基于核酸分析的检测方法、基于免疫分析的检测方法、基于特征色素的方法和基于光学特性的方法5个方面,比较系统地回顾了有关赤潮藻定性鉴定和定量检测技术的发展,并就存在的问题和发展趋势作了简要分析。     

Kinematics law of seismic scattered waves and its application

<正>1 Introduction Scattered waves is a broader category of seismic waves,as the seismic wave change caused by geological heterogeneity in 3D space can be classified into seismic scattering(Wu and Aki,1993).The Earth has multi-scale heterogeneity that often means complex tectonic movement,mineral resources and geological defects,and     

北京新5孔第四纪孢粉记录及其对更新世气候变化的响应

为探讨更新世我国北方植被演化特征,对北京凹陷新5孔河湖相沉积进行孢粉植物群初步研究。结果显示,过去2.3Ma尤其1.7Ma以来北京地区总体上为疏林草原-草原植被所覆盖,西部和北部的山地上生长以松(Pinus)为主的针叶树。主要孢粉类型的含量变化显示,2.3~2.1Ma期间气候温和半干旱。1.70~1.45Ma期间,北京地区冬季气温下降,导致山地针叶树增加; 同时,夏季风也得到了增强,导致落叶阔叶树和喜湿草本得到发展; 这表明这一时期北京地区的季节性较早期(2.3~2.1Ma)明显增强。1.45~1.05Ma期间研究区气候延续了前期气候特征,并维持相对稳定。1.05~0.94Ma期间,针叶树松属花粉含量明显降低,随后自0.94Ma开始含量明显增加。这可能是对中更新世过渡期及随后全球冰量增加的响应。极地冰量增加,北半球径向温度梯度变陡,导致东亚冬季风加强。另一方面,1.05~0.94Ma期间,无论是落叶阔叶树花粉含量,还是喜湿草本和蕨类孢子的含量均有不同程度的增加,而且显示向上减少的变化趋势,暗示东亚夏季风在1.05~0.94Ma期间总体增强随后逐步减弱的变化趋势。据此我们推测,自中更新世气候过渡期开始,东亚冬季风和夏季风均明显增强。但伴随极地冰盖发展和全球气温下降,东亚冬季风持续增强而东亚夏季风则显示逐步减弱的变化趋势,使得我国中北部许多地区出现植被与环境短暂恢复后逐步衰退的演化趋势。自约0.5Ma开始,研究区以松为代表的针叶树花粉逐步减少,落叶阔叶树花粉含量也开始降低,反映研究区明显变干,相对喜湿的草本和木本逐步为喜干旱的蒿(Artemisia)和藜科(Chenopodiaceae)所代替。研究区这样的孢粉植物群演化模式与东亚、北太平洋乃至南半球具有较好的一致性。不过,中更新世全球气候过渡以及约0.5Ma显著转变的驱动因素还不清楚,值得深入研究。     

佳-伊断裂带韧性变形特征

佳木斯-伊通 ( 佳-伊) 断裂带是郯-庐断裂带北段的西支,控制着佳-伊地堑内各盆地的展布。笔者在佳-伊断裂带中部舒兰水曲柳地区发现一条近 NNE 向的韧性剪切带。结合显微构造分析认为,该剪切带主要由初糜棱岩-糜棱岩组成,具有左行走滑的特征。对研究区内韧性剪切带中的糜棱岩进行有限应变测量 ( Fry 法) ,认为该剪切带应变类型为伸展应变,岩石类型表现为 L/LS 型构造岩; 对糜棱岩样品进行石英 C 轴 EBSD 分析,同样指示佳-伊断裂带中段具有左行走滑的构造特征,石英组构以中低温菱面为主,滑移系为 {101} ＜110 ＞ 。结合前人研究资料,推测佳-伊断裂带中段左行走滑时间为早白垩世中、晚期,形成机制与西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块由 NWW 转变为 NNW 向欧亚大陆的高速俯冲有关。