卫星重力梯度向下延拓的频域最小二乘配置法

本文深入研究频域最小二乘配置法的基本原理及其在求解卫星重力梯度向下延拓问题中的应用。与一般空域最小二乘配置法相比，该方法具有高效稳定的特点，特别适合于大规模重力场数据处理，并为利用卫星重力梯度数据精化局部重力场提供了可供参考的方法。     

扁椭球形雨滴和冰粒后向散射实验与理论研究

本文介绍了对扁椭球形雨滴和冰（雹）粒散射能力的实验模拟和测量技术，报告了一个系列扁水(冰)椭球后向散射截面的实验测量结果；并用扩张边界条件法(EBCM)计算出相应的理论值，用Mie公式计算出等容积球形后向散射截面。将实验结果与理论计算作了综合对比分析，得到了若干有用的结论。     

Geometrical textures of faults，evolution of physical field and instability characteristics

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电离层诸参量对大气重力波的响应与重力波参数反演

本文利用欧洲非相干散射雷达数据,分析研究了电离层不同等离子体参量对大气重力波的响应之间的关系.应用这种关系,发展了一种在垂直于地磁场的电场可以忽略等简化假设下,由电子密度和离子沿场速度的同时测量数据,反演求解较高（约250km以上）F区中引起TID的重力波传播参数的方法.用此法对一典型TID事件进行分析计算,所得结果与全波解数值研究结果很好符合.     

The reservoir-associated earthquakes of April 1983 in western Thailand: Source modeling and implications for induced seismicity

On 22 April 1983, a very large area of Thailand and part of Burma were strongly shaken by a rare earthquake (m _b=5.8,M _s=5.9). The epicenter was located at the Srinagarind reservoir about 190 km northwest of Bangkok, a relatively stable continental region that experienced little previous seismicity. The main shock was preceded by some foreshocks and followed by numerous aftershocks. The largest foreshock ofm _b=5.2 occurred 1 week before the main shock, and the largest aftershock ofm _b=5.3 took place about 3 hours after the main shock. Focal mechanisms of the three largest events in this earthquake sequence have been studied by other seismologists using firts-motion data. However, the solutions for the main shock and the largest aftershock showed significant inconsistency with known surface geology and regional tectonics. We reexamined the mechanisms of these three events by using teleseismicP-andS-waveforms and through careful readings ofP-wave first motions. The directions of theP axes in our study range from NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW, and nodal planes strike in the NW-SE to about E-W in agreement with regional tectonics and surface geology. The main shock mechanism strikes 255°, dips 48°, and slips 63.5°. The fault motions during the main shock and the foreshock are mainly thrust, while the largest aftershock has a large strike-slip component. The seismic moment and the stress drop of the mainshock are determined to be 3.86×10²⁴ dyne-cm and 180 bars, respectively. The occurrence of these thrust events appears to correlate with the unloading of the Srinagarind reservoir. The focal depths of the largest foreshock, the main shock, and the largest aftershock are determined to be 5.4 km, 8 km, and 22.7 km, respectively, from waveform modeling and relative location showing a downward migration of hypocenters of the three largest events during the earthquake sequence. Other characteristics of this reservoir-induced earthquake sequence are also discussed.     

柴北缘冷湖构造带古近系沉积体系及演化特征

通过对柴达木盆地北缘西段重点探井的岩心观测、重矿物分析、测井数据及地震资料的分析，研究了冷湖构造带古近系沉积体系及演化特征和不同时期沉积微相及砂体的展布规律.结果认为，冷湖构造带古近系主要发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系，物源来自北东方向的小赛什腾山和赛什腾山附近.古近系路乐河组（E₁₊₂）沉积期，主要发育辫状河以及辫状河三角洲平原沉积，仅在靠近山前发育少量冲积扇沉积；至下干柴沟组（E₃）沉积时期，主要发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲平原、辫状河三角洲前缘及滨-浅湖沉积.古近纪时期冷湖构造带表现为一次较大规模的水进过程，纵向沉积继承性明显，很好地记录了这一沉积演化过程.这一沉积体系及演化过程有利于粗碎屑和细碎屑交互沉积，形成较好的储盖组合，为柴达木盆地冷湖构造带下一步的油气勘探提供了可靠的地质依据.     

秦巴地区中——酸性浅成小岩体与金矿

本文叙述了秦岭大巴山地区中——酸性浅成——超浅成侵入——爆破“杂”岩体的地质特征及其分布;叙述了与岩体有成生联系的斑(玢)岩型、矽卡岩型、爆破(隐爆——坍塌)角砾岩型、构造蚀变岩型、热液脉型等类型金矿的地质特征;总结了岩体的成矿模式,同时指出了矿床类型和共(伴)生元素的成矿系列;指出分布在秦巴地区的5个印支期——燕山期岩体带中的21个小岩体群,其中数百个小岩体及其附近有找到多种类型金矿的可能,预测其找矿前景乐观,金矿资源潜力很大。     

新疆东准噶尔塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉古缝合线的确定

本文通过构造分析及岩石学、地球化学研究,证实塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉存在一条蛇绿混杂岩带,表现为在构造变形的砂泥质基质中分布若干个洋脊型和洋岛型的蛇绿岩碎块。该带两侧地壳厚度明显不同,大陆边缘增生方向相反,该带还是一条早古生代的生物群落界线,早石炭世两侧岛弧有较大的纬度差异(20°以上)。因此,塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉蛇绿混杂岩带是古准噶尔大洋闭合的残骸,代表了西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块碰撞的缝合线构造带。     

The sorption of silver by poorly crystallized manganese oxides

The sorption of silver by poorly crystallized manganese oxides was studied using synthesized samples of three members of the manganous manganite (birnessite) group, of different chemical composition and crystallinity, and a poorly organized γ-MnO₂. All four oxides sorbed significant quantities of silver. The manganous manganites showed the greatest sorption (up to 0.5 moles silver/mole MnO_x at pH 7) while the γ-MnO₂ showed the least (0.3 moles silver/ mole MnO_x at pH 7). Sorption of silver was adequately described by the Langmuir equation over a considerable concentration range. The relationship failed at low pH values and high equilibrium silver concentrations. The sorption capacity showed a direct relationship with pH. However, the rate of increase of sorption capacity decreased at the higher pH values.Silver sorption maxima. were not directly related to surface area but appeared to vary with the amount of occluded sodium and potassium present in the manganese oxide. The important processes involved in the uptake of silver by the four poorly crystallized manganese oxides ara considered to be surface exchange for manganese, potassium and sodium as well as exchange for structural manganese, potassium and sodium.     

基于伴随方法的线性台阵背景噪声面波和远震体波联合成像研究

伴随层析成像（Adjoint Tomography）通过求解全波方程来准确模拟地震波在复杂介质中的传播,并利用波形信息来反演地下结构,是新一代的高分辨率成像方法.其中3-D伴随层析成像需要庞大的计算资源,而2-D反演相对更具计算效率.面波和远震体波是研究地壳上地幔速度结构的重要方法,它们对S波速度及Moho面的敏感度不同,通过联合反演,可以得到更为准确的S波速度结构及Moho面.通过两种数据的高度互补性,本文提出基于伴随方法的线性台阵背景噪声面波和远震体波联合成像方法,同时约束台阵下方S波速度结构及Moho面形态.我们将该方法应用到符合华北克拉通岩石圈典型结构特征的理论模型上,测试结果表明联合反演方法优势明显,相比于面波伴随层析成像,能获得更高分辨率的S波速度结构,同时能精准约束Moho面形态.相比于体波伴随层析成像,联合反演能有效压制高频假象,降低波形反演过程中的非线性化程度.本研究有望提供一种更为高效精准的线性台阵成像方法,搭建联合伴随层析成像理论框架,提升岩石圈成像分辨率,并为后续其他类型波形数据的引入提供思路和方法.