全文获取类型
收费全文 | 433篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 15篇 |
大气科学 | 28篇 |
地球物理 | 79篇 |
地质学 | 212篇 |
海洋学 | 47篇 |
天文学 | 39篇 |
自然地理 | 30篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 18篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有450条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
53.
Drosos Kourounis Louis J. Durlofsky Jan Dirk Jansen Khalid Aziz 《Computational Geosciences》2014,18(2):117-137
An adjoint formulation for the gradient-based optimization of oil–gas compositional reservoir simulation problems is presented. The method is implemented within an automatic differentiation-based compositional flow simulator (Stanford’s Automatic Differentiation-based General Purpose Research Simulator, AD-GPRS). The development of adjoint procedures for general compositional problems is much more challenging than for oil–water problems due to the increased complexity of the code and the underlying physics. The treatment of nonlinear constraints, an example of which is a maximum gas rate specification in injection or production wells, when the control variables are well bottom-hole pressures, poses a particular challenge. Two approaches for handling these constraints are presented—a formal treatment within the optimizer and a simpler heuristic treatment in the forward model. The relationship between discrete and continuous adjoint formulations is also elucidated. Results for four example cases of increasing complexity are presented. Improvements in the objective function (cumulative oil produced) relative to reference solutions range from 4.2 to 11.6 %. The heuristic treatment of nonlinear constraints is shown to offer a cost-effective means for obtaining feasible solutions, which are, in some cases, better than those obtained using the formal constraint handling procedure. 相似文献
54.
R G Rastogi H Chandra P Janardhan Thai Lan Hoang Louis Condori T K Pant D S V V D Prasad B Reinisch 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(6):1273-1285
The paper describes the results of spread-F at low latitude stations around the world during the magnetic storm starting at 0130 UT on 22 January 2004. The storm can be divided into two phases, first phase up to 1000 UT when interplanetary magnetic field IMF-Bz was highly fluctuating around a small positive value and the second phase after a sudden large southward turning of IMF-Bz at 1030 UT. The first phase produced strong spread-F at Jicamarca, Sao Luis, and Ascension Island and caused complete inhibition of spread-F at Thumba and Waltair in India. It generated weak spread-F at Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam and strong spread-F at Hainan and Chung Li. The strong spread-F at Hainan and Chung Li were caused by the positive IMF-Bz during the first phase of the storm and not by the negative pulse of IMF-Bz at 1000 UT. 相似文献
55.
Hanna Pawlowska JeanLouis Brenguier 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):868-887
Microphysical measurements performed during 8 flights of the CLOUDYCOLUMN component of ACE‐2, with the Meteo‐France Merlin‐IV, are analyzed in terms of droplet number concentration and size. The droplet concentration is dependent upon the aerosol properties within the boundary layer. Its mean value over a flight varies from 55 cm−3 , for the cleanest conditions, to 244 cm−3 , for the most polluted one. For each flight, the variability of the concentration, in selected cloud regions that are not affected by mixing with dry air or drizzle scavenging, ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 of the mean value. The mean volume diameter increases with altitude above cloud base according to the adiabatic cloud model. The frequency distribution of mean droplet volume normalized by the adiabatic value, for the selected regions, shows the same dispersion as the distribution of normalized concentration. The values of droplet concentration versus mean volume diameter are then examined in sub‐adiabatic samples to characterize the effects of mixing and drizzle scavenging. Finally, the ratio of mean volume diameter to effective diameter is analyzed and a simple relationship between these 2 crucial parameters is proposed. 相似文献
56.
Marie-Antoinette Mlires Patricia Martinerie Dominique Raynaud Louis Lliboutry 《Global and Planetary Change》1991,3(4)
The change in the global mean atmospheric pressure between glacial and interglacial periods is evaluated at sea level. This change originates in a modification of topography and in a possible variation in the atmospheric mass. In this calculation the atmosphere is at hydrostatic equilibrium, and the parameters describing the glacial period are varied in a plausible range. The result, with constant atmospheric mass, is a mean sea level pressure decrease of 9–15 hPa linked with the deglaciation. The corresponding pressure change at the reference level corresponding to the present day sea level does not exceed one hPa. When considering only the change in the atmospheric mass, an increase which does not exceed 2 hPa is found, linked with the deglaciation. 相似文献
57.
Douglas S. Hall Gregory W. Henry Dietmar Böhme Peter A. Brooks Sandy Chang Ales Dolzan George L. Fortier Robert E. Fried Russell M. Genet Bruce S. Grim James Hannon Darrel B. Hoff Kevin Krisciunas Howard J. Landis Howard P. Louth Larry P. Lovell Paul Nielsen Bobby E. Powell Harry D. Powell Don Pray Thomas R. Renner Charles W. Rogers Stephen Shervais Douglas M. Slauson Samuel Slote Harold J. Stelzer Arthur J. Stokes Jack C. Troeger Louis C. Turner Norman F. Wasson Kenneth W. Zeigler 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1991,12(4):281-287
We present photoelectric photometry of λ And never before published, obtained between February 1982 and December 1990 at 29
different observatories. Then we combine it with all other photometry available to us (previously published, contained in
the I.A.U. Commission 27 Archives, and obtained with the Vanderbilt 16-inch automatic telescope but not yet published), to
yield a 14.8-year data base. Analysis reveals a long-term cycle in mean brightness, with a full range of 0m.15 and a period of 11.4 ± 0.4 years. Because most of our new photometry was concentrated in the 1983-84 observing season,
we analyze that one well-defined light curve with a two-spot model. Spot A keeps a 0m.04 amplitude throughout four rotation cycles whereas the amplitude of spot B diminishes from 0m.09 down almost to 0m.03. The spot rotation periods were 55d.9 ± 0d.6 and 520d.8 ± 1d.0, respectively. 相似文献
58.
We present three 3D numerical models of deep subduction where buoyant material from an oceanic plateau and a plume interact with the overriding plate to assess the influence on subduction dynamics,trench geometry,and mechanisms for plateau accretion and continental growth.Transient instabilities of the convergent margin are produced,resulting in:contorted trench geometry;trench migration parallel with the plate margin;folding of the subducting slab and orocline development at the convergent margin;and transfer of the plateau to the overriding plate.The presence of plume material beneath the oceanic plateau causes flat subduction above the plume,resulting in a "bowed" shaped subducting slab.In plateau-only models,plateau accretion at the edge of the overriding plate results in trench migration around the edge of the plateau before subduction is re-established directly behind the trailing edge of the plateau.The plateau shortens and some plateau material subducts.The presence of buoyant plume material beneath the oceanic plateau has a profound influence on the behaviour of the convergent margin.In the plateau + plume model,plateau accretion causes rapid trench advance.Plate convergence is accommodated by shearing at the base of the plateau and shortening in the overriding plate.The trench migrates around the edge of the plateau and subduction is re-established well behind the trailing edge of the plateau,effectively embedding the plateau into the overriding plate.A slab window forms beneath the accreted plateau and plume material is transferred from the subducting plate to the overriding plate through the window.In all of the models,the subduction zone maintains a relatively stable configuration away from the buoyancy anomalies within the downgoing plate.The models provide a dynamic context for plateau and plume accretion in Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic systems such as the East China Orogen and the Central Asian Orogen(Altiads),which are characterised by accreted ophiolite complexes with diverse geochemical affinities,and a protracted evolution of accretion of exotic terranes including oceanic plateau and terranes with plume origins. 相似文献
59.
Louis M. Barbier Robert Smith Scott Murphy Eric R. Christian Rodger Farley John F. Krizmanic John W. Mitchell Robert E. Streitmatter Eugene C. Loh Stephen Stochaj 《Astroparticle Physics》2005,22(5-6):439-449
We have designed and built an instrument to measure and monitor the “nightglow” of the Earth’s atmosphere in the near ultraviolet (NUV). In this paper we describe the design of this instrument, called NIGHTGLOW. NIGHTGLOW is designed to be flown from a high altitude research balloon, and circumnavigate the globe. NIGHTGLOW is a NASA, University of Utah, and New Mexico State University project. A test flight took place from Palestine, Texas on July 5, 2000, lasting about 8 h. The instrument performed well and landed safely in Stiles, Texas with little damage. The resulting measurements of the NUV nightglow are compared with previous measurements from sounding rockets and balloons. 相似文献
60.
Fossil hyrax dung and evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation types in the Namib Desert
Pollen was derived from fossil dung of herbivorous hyraxes, deposited in a rock shelter on the highest mountain in Namibia, Dâures or Brandberg, situated on the Namib Desert margin. Radiocarbon dating ranging in age between modern times and 30 000 yr BP showed it represents the first empirical pollen evidence of continental palaeovegetation during the Late Pleistocene along the western escarpment of southern Africa. The initial results indicate Last Glacial Maximum vegetation differed totally from the current pattern as vegetation types were dominated by small Asteraceae shrubs, in contrast to those of the Holocene and modern times which show more succulents, grass and woody elements (arboreal pollen). The results suggest that Cape floral communities did not reach into the tropics along the western escarpment of Africa, despite such pollen types occurring in marine cores. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献