Linear study on landscape heterogeneity of Dongling District of Shenyang

Landscape configuration means the distribution and conjunction of landscape element. Inflenced by geomorphological process and human interference, the landscape configuration of Dongling District of Shenyang City appears 5 types: even distribution, aggregated distribution, linear distribution, positive interrelation spatial linkage, and negetive interrelation linkage. We subdivided two lines, which go through the landscape of Dongling District separately, into segments of equal length and studied the information of the landscape elements, which is distributed on the line, by mathematical theory of communication. Then we expounded the characteristics of landscape heterogeneity and its changing law in Dongling District as well as the relationship with geomorphic condition and human disturbance.     

2002年6月13日重庆区域大暴雨分析

通过对重庆西部“6 1 3”区域大暴雨的分析 ,发现此次天气过程是一次典型的高原涡与西南涡耦合 ,结合地面弱冷空气条件下产生的 ,同时对ECMWF和T2 1 3数值预报产品进行了简要的分析 ,发现ECMWF和T2 1 3的形势预报能力都比较好 ,但T2 1 3的部分物理量要素和降水量预报能力还有待提高。     

深层地下水SPD人工补给系统

提出了一种新的深层地下水回灌方法———SPD人工补给系统,并通过室内沙槽模拟试验,对该系统和常规的直接井回灌法作了比较。研究表明,利用该系统补给深层地下水,具有回灌水质要求低、补给速度快、补给量多、不易淤堵等特点,是深层地下水人工补给的一条有效的新途径。     

青海南部牧区前冬积雪变化及其预测的关系模型研究

利用1961-2008年青海南部牧区地面气象观测资料、74个环流特征量和北半球500 hPa高度场网格点资料,整理了地表积雪序列和雪灾年表,并对积雪的变化趋势和雪灾发生的机理进行了研究。结果表明,1961-2008年青南牧区共有16 a发生积雪灾害,占总年数的33.33%。在4 450 m以下,累计积雪量随海拔高度的升高而增加,在4 451 m以上,累计积雪量随海拔高度的升高而减小。典型多积雪年新地岛地区的冷空气偏强、高原低值系统活动偏多,新地岛的冷空气容易沿偏西北路径侵入青南高原与高空槽前的暖湿空气汇合,形成云雨的物理条件充分,降雪多、积雪厚。典型少积雪年环流形势与上述基本相反。10-12月北美区极涡面积偏大和欧亚经向环流偏强、10月欧亚经向环流偏强、11月大西洋欧洲环流型E型日数偏多、12月大西洋副高北界位置偏北均有利于前冬青藏高原高度场的偏低和青南牧区累计积雪量的偏多。这些环流因子在相反的配置下,容易导致青南牧区累计积雪量的偏少。前冬模拟预报方程对典型多积雪年和1993年以来的积雪变化趋势全部预测成功。     

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey monitor telescope pipeline

The photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a multi‐step process which involves data from three different telescopes: the 1.0‐m telescope at the US Naval Observatory (USNO), Flagstaff Station, Arizona (which was used to establish the SDSS standard star network); the SDSS 0.5‐m Photometric Telescope (PT) at the Apache Point Observatory (APO), NewMexico (which calculates nightly extinctions and calibrates secondary patch transfer fields); and the SDSS 2.5‐m telescope at APO (which obtains the imaging data for the SDSS proper). In this paper, we describe the Monitor Telescope Pipeline, MTPIPE, the software pipeline used in processing the data from the single‐CCD telescopes used in the photometric calibration of the SDSS (i.e., the USNO 1.0‐m and the PT). We also describe transformation equations that convert photometry on the USNO‐1.0m u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ system to photometry the SDSS 2.5m ugriz system and the results of various validation tests of the MTPIPE software. Further, we discuss the semi‐automated PT factory, which runs MTPIPE in the day‐to‐day standard SDSS operations at Fermilab. Finally, we discuss the use of MTPIPE in current SDSS‐related projects, including the Southern u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ Standard Star project, the u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ Open Star Clusters project, and the SDSS extension (SDSS‐II). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

氮钾配施对生姜产量和砂姜黑土肥力的效应

研究了淮北平原砂姜黑土地区生姜氮钾配施的增产效应和对土壤养分的影响。结果表 明:氮钾配施可以大幅度提高生姜的产量,施钾的增产幅度,柴姜为15.3%～58.4%,平均增产率 为35.8%;狮子头姜产量提高18.2%～46.9%,平均增产28.7%。增施氮钾肥可有效提高土壤有 机质、全N、有效P、速效K、缓效K、有效Ca和有效Mg含量,降低NO3-盐含量,促使土壤pH趋于 中性,对全P和碱解N含量影响较小。土壤N素和P素大量盈余,不施钾时土壤K亏损严重,施钾 处理土壤钾基本上处于盈余状态,有利于维持和提高土壤肥力。     

阿尔金山羌塘高原水资源开发及罗布泊钾盐矿建设的设想

阿尔金山水资源相对丰富,是巴音郭楞蒙古自治州河川径流的主要形成区之一,巴音郭楞蒙古自治州若羌县罗布泊镇钾盐贮量很大,经济效益可观,但水资源成为了罗布泊钾盐矿发展的限制性因素。能否把阿尔金山的水资源作为罗布泊钾盐矿发展的支撑,是我们必须回答的一个问题。本文利用新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅阿尔金山野外考察资料,分析阿尔金山的水系与湖泊、自然地理和社会经济特点,以期为探讨阿尔金山能否作为罗布泊钾盐矿开发的水源条件提供理论依据。     

Orientation error estimation of buried seismographs in array observation

Array observation is an efficient tool to investigate various characteristics of earthquake ground motion. However, seismographs used in arrays may involve unexpected errors in their orientations. Methods of orientation error estimation were developed in three-dimensional space by comparing recorded ground motions at a reference point with those at a checking point. A maximum cross-correlation method and a maximum coherence method were proposed and their accuracy was demonstrated. The earthquake ground motions recorded in the Chiba array and in two other arrays were used in numerical examples. Non-trivial orientation errors were detected for all these arrays. The cross-correlation coefficients and the coherence values between two points increased significantly by correcting the estimated orientation errors.     

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.