Purification of a Diatom and Its Identification to Cylindrotheca closterium

A diatom was purified with colony selection and continuous dilution methods. It was identified to Cylindrotheca closterium according to its morphological characteristics and rbc L and 18 s r RNA gene sequences. The alga was not sensitive to ampicillin and neomycin, but sensitive to chloramphenicol which inhibited its growth at concentrations ranging from 50 to 150 μg m L-1. The purified alga was easy to culture and its specific growth rate was 0.207 ± 0.002(d-1). It was resistant to pollution and could be harvested in an easy way. It was relatively high in lipid content(20.08% ± 0.67% of dry weight) and the combined amount of its 16:0 and 16:1(n-7), the most suitable resource of biodiesel, was as high as 64% of the total fatty acids, while the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids reached 19.96%–20% of the total fatty acids. Thus the purified C. closterium can be cultured as a biodiesel producer or a nutrition supplement producer.     

智慧黄山时空大数据建设与应用实践

基于时空大数据技术、面向服务模式、高性能计算和分布式计算等相关理论和技术,本文设计并实现了时空大数据平台,集合了时空数据整合、处理、存储、分析、可视化等功能,并具备后台资源弹性分配和管理能力.规划了适合本地情况的时空大数据重点应用方向,基于大数据空间分析模型,分析了土地利用现状数据变化情况;运用机器学习的方法构建地价预测模型,实现了远期地价预测能力;利用大数据分析及存储手段,实现了基于手机信令数据的旅游景区流量分析.为黄山市提供了统一的时空大数据服务基础设施,并为智慧城市全面应用积累了经验.     

基于SRTM-ASTER融合数据的河网提取

在分析SRTM、ASTER GDEM数据源基本特征的基础上,融合了一种直接面向河网提取的数据——SRTM-ASTER,利用SRTM数据较高的垂直分辨率修正ASTER GDEM,弥补了SRTM水平分辨率上的不足;引入Landsat-8遥感卫星数据提取真实河网,分析在有(无)河网辅助条件下融合数据的提取效果,并以总长度、支流数目、套合差为特征指标进行分析.研究结果表明:1)SRTM-ASTER数据提取的河网能综合SRTM和ASTER GDEM数据的优势,提取精度较好,但河流长度以及支流数目有所减少;2)有河网辅助的条件下,经过AGREE算法进行河网纠正以后,提取结果的精度有显著提高.     

矢量元胞自动机中的邻域影响力度量——以深圳市为例

基于矢量元胞自动机(cellular automata,CA),对深圳市城市土地利用变更模拟中的邻域影响力进行了讨论,选取矢量密度因子及矢量邻域索引构建邻域影响力函数.根据深圳市路网数据及相关参数权重,计算地块通达度及发展为居住或生产用地的适宜度,同时结合政府规划的土地利用分区状态进行土地利用变更的模拟.使用Kappa系数对模拟结果与实际数据的一致性进行评估,评估结果表明,邻域距离半径为50 m时结合邻域影响力函数能获得比较好的模拟结果.     

Evidence for high‐temperature fractionation of lithium isotopes during differentiation of the Moon

Lithium isotope and abundance data are reported for Apollo 15 and 17 mare basalts and the LaPaz low‐Ti mare basalt meteorites, along with lithium isotope data for carbonaceous, ordinary, and enstatite chondrites, and chondrules from the Allende CV3 meteorite. Apollo 15 low‐Ti mare basalts have lower Li contents and lower δ⁷Li (3.8 ± 1.2‰; all uncertainties are 2 standard deviations) than Apollo 17 high‐Ti mare basalts (δ⁷Li = 5.2 ± 1.2‰), with evolved LaPaz mare basalts having high Li contents, but similar low δ⁷Li (3.7 ± 0.5‰) to Apollo 15 mare basalts. In low‐Ti mare basalt 15555, the highest concentrations of Li occur in late‐stage tridymite (>20 ppm) and plagioclase (11 ± 3 ppm), with olivine (6.1 ± 3.8 ppm), pyroxene (4.2 ± 1.6 ppm), and ilmenite (0.8 ± 0.7 ppm) having lower Li concentrations. Values of δ⁷Li in low‐ and high‐Ti mare basalt sources broadly correlate negatively with ¹⁸O/¹⁶O and positively with ⁵⁶Fe/⁵⁴Fe (low‐Ti: δ⁷Li ≤4‰; δ⁵⁶Fe ≤0.04‰; δ¹⁸O ≥5.7‰; high‐Ti: δ⁷Li >6‰; δ⁵⁶Fe >0.18‰; δ¹⁸O <5.4‰). Lithium does not appear to have acted as a volatile element during planetary formation, with subequal Li contents in mare basalts compared with terrestrial, martian, or vestan basaltic rocks. Observed Li isotopic fractionations in mare basalts can potentially be explained through large‐degree, high‐temperature igneous differentiation of their source regions. Progressive magma ocean crystallization led to enrichment in Li and δ⁷Li in late‐stage liquids, probably as a consequence of preferential retention of ⁷Li and Li in the melt relative to crystallizing solids. Lithium isotopic fractionation has not been observed during extensive differentiation in terrestrial magmatic systems and may only be recognizable during extensive planetary magmatic differentiation under volatile‐poor conditions, as expected for the lunar magma ocean. Our new analyses of chondrites show that they have δ⁷Li ranging between ?2.5‰ and 4‰. The higher δ⁷Li in planetary basalts than in the compilation of chondrites (2.1 ± 1.3‰) demonstrates that differentiated planetary basalts are, on average, isotopically heavier than most chondrites.     

Primitive Ordovician (Floian) echinoderms from Sandu,Guizhou Province,South China,and their significance

Pelmatozoans diversified primarily during the Middle and Late Ordovician Period, with Early Ordovician records being much more limited, resulting in many gaps in our knowledge of the early stages of their diversification. Dissociated pelmatozoan ossicles have been found abundantly in one section in the Tonggao Formation (Tetragraptus approximatus Biozone, Floian, Early Ordovician). Most of the ossicles are thecal plates and stem ossicles from hemicosmitoid and glyptocystitoid cystoids. Thecal plates of ‘Cheirocrinus’ sp., Polycosmites sp., and other plates of uncertain affinity are described. A different ossicle type, Pentagonopentagonalis (col.), may represent crinoid remains; this would be one of the earliest occurrences of the class. The thecal ossicles and columnals are all considered, as both sets of data are desirable to determine the most complete estimate of generic diversity. The echinoderm ossicles may have been transported in from shallower water palaeoenvironments and clusters of ossicles may represent coprolites or regurgitates. Estimates of Early Ordovician palaeogeography that place this site at 30°S or near the palaeoequator are supported by the physiological requirements of the primitive echinoderms described herein. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution of Palaeozoic tectonic superimposed unconformities in the Tarim Basin,NW China: significance for the evolution of palaeogeomorphology and sedimentary response

Seismic and drilling well data were used to examine the occurrence of multiple stratigraphic unconformities in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The Early Cambrian, the Late Ordovician and the late Middle Devonian unconformities constitute three important tectonic sequence boundaries within the Palaeozoic succession. In the Tazhong, Tabei, Tadong uplifts and the southwestern Tarim palaeo‐uplift, unconformities obviously belong to superimposed unconformities. A superimposed unconformity is formed by superimposition of unconformities of multiple periods. Areas where superimposed unconformities develop are shown as composite belts of multiple tectonic unconformities, and as higher uplift areas of palaeo‐uplifts in palaeogeomorphologic units. The contact relationship of unconformities in the lower uplift areas is indicative of truncation‐overlap. A slope belt is located below the uplift areas, and the main and secondary unconformities are characterized by local onlap reflection on seismic profiles. The regional dynamics controlled the palaeotectonic setting of the Palaeozoic rocks in the Tarim Basin and the origin and evolution of the basin constrained deposition. From the Sinian to the Cambrian, the Tarim landmass and its surrounding areas belonged to an extensional tectonic setting. Since the Late Ordovician, the neighbouring north Kunlun Ocean and Altyn Ocean was transformed from a spreading ocean basin to a closed compressional setting. The maximum compression was attained in the Late Ordovician. The formation of a tectonic palaeogeomorphologic evolution succession from a cratonic margin aulacogen depression to a peripheral foreland basin in the Early Caledonian cycle controlled the deposition of platform, platform margin, and deep‐water basin. Tectonic uplift during the Late Ordovician resulted in a shallower basin which was followed by substantial erosion. Subsequently, a cratonic depression and peripheral or back‐arc foreland basin began their development in the Silurian to Early–Middle Devonian interval. In this period, the Tabei Uplift, the Northern Depression and the southern Tarim palaeo‐uplift showed obvious control on depositional systems, including onshore slope, shelf and deep‐water basin. The southern Tarim Plate was in a continuous continental compressional setting after collision, whereas the southern Tianshan Ocean began to close in the Early Ordovician and was completely closed by the Middle Devonian. At the same time, further compression from peripheral tectonic units in the eastern and southern parts of the Tarim Basin led to the expansion of palaeo‐uplift in the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous interval, and the connection of the Tabei Uplift and Tadong Uplift, thus controlling onshore, fluvial delta, clastic coast, lagoon‐bay and shallow marine deposition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用MODIS卫星产品分析西南地区云水特征

采用NASA Goddard Earth Science DAAC发布的2001—2010年MODIS水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径资料, 选取西南地区（四川、重庆、云南、贵州）,分析了水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径的多年平均空间分布特征,对年和季节平均水云云水含量和粒子有效半径进行了线性趋势分析,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明：西南地区年和季节多年平均云水含量在海拔高的地方偏少,在海拔低的地方偏多;年和季节多年平均粒子有效半径的空间分布特征与云水含量相反。云水含量具有季节差异性,秋季和夏季是云水含量最丰富的季节,春季和冬季较少;粒子有效半径的季节差异较小。10年中云水含量呈减少趋势,春季和冬季云水含量减少趋势明显;而粒子有效半径无显著变化趋势。