广西冬耕季农业气候资源对冬种马铃薯布局的影响

通过分析广西冬耕季农业气候资源的空间分布特征,以及马铃薯气候生态条件,结合生产实际,选取了80％保证率的极端最低气温和霜日数、1～2月的平均气温、80％保证率的日平均气温≥5℃的积温、80％保证率的13平均气温≥IO℃的日数、11月～次年3月降水量作为区划指标,用专家打分法,得出广西冬种马铃薯的种植布局,其中最适宜气候区以沿海地区及桂东南部分县（市）为主。区划布局结果为保障冬种马铃薯稳产高产和广西粮食安全提供决策依据。     

基于监测数据的几种地铁施工变形预测方法

地铁工程施工引起的地表沉降常常危及周边建筑物或地下管线的安全,如何有效预测和控制地表沉降已成为工程中亟待解决的问题。论述了三种常用的变形预测方法——回归分析法、指数平滑法和灰色理论分析法,分别利用这三种方法对广州地铁土建工程盾构法施工、矿山法施工和明挖法施工引起的地表沉降进行了预测分析,并与工程实测监测数据进行了对比分析,论证了各种预测方法适用的施工工法、地质条件范围以及使用时应注意的问题。     

Stable carbon isotopic fractionation of individual n-alkanes accompanying primary migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon generation–expulsion simulations of selected terrestrial source rocks

The effect of isotopic fractionation during primary migration of hydrocarbons from coals is rarely noticed because it overlaps with the isotopic effects of maturation. In this research, geological chromatography-like effects and possible physical isotopic fractionation effects on n-alkanes during primary migration from four coals and one mudstone were studied through two types of generation–expulsion simulations (generation–expulsion simulations I and II). In order to monitor the kinetic isotopic fractionation effect during primary migration and to differentiate the isotopic effects of primary migration from the isotopic effects of maturation, generation–expulsion simulation was upgraded in two aspects, source rock was separated into at least five layers, and deuterated n-C₁₅D₃₂ was added to the initial layer of the source rock (simulation II). The experimental results suggested that all terrestrial source rocks exhibit significant geological chromatography-like effects in generation–expulsion simulation. Expulsion efficiencies shown by vitrinite-rich coals are much lower than algal cannel, fusinite-rich coal and mudstone. There also exist significant physical isotopic fractionation effects in hydrocarbon primary migration processes from vitrinite-rich coals, but there is no significant isotopic fractionation effect from fusinite-rich brown coal and mudstone. Pore structure and specific surface area of source rock samples were measured by gas adsorption of both N₂ and CO₂. This indicated that vitrinite-rich coals have a higher proportion of microporosity. The differences in pore structure and adsorptive capacity of source rocks may be responsible for differences in expulsion efficiencies and isotopic fractionation effects in generation–expulsion simulations. The isotopic fractionation effect due to primary migration should be considered in making oil-source correlation when vitrinite-rich coals are concerned.     

Hyperaccumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in plants growing on a lead/zinc outcrop in Yunnan Province,China

A field survey was conducted to identify potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn or Cd in the Beichang Pb/Zn mine outcrop in Yunnan Province, China. The average total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils were up to 28,438, 5,109, and 52 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 60 genera of 37 families naturally colonizing the outcrop were recorded. According to metal accumulation in the plants and translocation factor (TF), Silene viscidula was identified as potential hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd with mean shoot concentrations of 3,938 mg kg⁻¹ of Pb (TF = 1.2), 11,155 mg kg⁻¹ of Zn (TF = 1.8) and 236 mg kg⁻¹ of Cd (TF = 1.1), respectively; S. gracilicanlis (Pb 3,617 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.2) and Onosma paniculatum (Pb 1,837 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.9) were potential Pb hyperaccumulators. Potentilla griffithii (Zn 8,748 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.5) and Gentiana sp. (Zn 19,710 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 2.7) were potential Zn hyperaccumulators. Lysimachia deltoides (Cd 212 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 3.2) was a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. These new plant resources could be used to explore the mechanisms of Pb, Zn and/or Cd hyperaccumulation, and the findings could be applied for the phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and/or Cd-contaminated soils.     

CO2倍增对我国东部极端降水的影响

 利用GFDL-CM2.1耦合模式控制试验和CO₂增长试验逐日降水输出结果,评估了CO₂浓度加倍对我国极端降水变化的影响。结果表明：CO₂浓度加倍导致我国东部地区年极端降水的强度增强、降水量显著增多及降水频次显著增加（除华北南部外）; CO₂浓度加倍对我国春夏季极端降水影响较大,导致东部多数地区春夏季极端降水频次增加,强度增强;而CO₂浓度加倍导致华北南部和长江中下游春夏季雨日减少以及小雨、中雨减少,从而导致年总降水量减少。     

灾害性天气对广西森林生态旅游的影响评估

通过对广西主要森林生态旅游线景点代表站1971～2000年暴雨、雷暴、大风的数据统计,找出主要灾害性天气的发生规律,对各旅游区最佳旅游期进行灾害性评估,试图找出安全、适宜的旅游季节,为旅游部门增收、游客合理安排休闲度假提供科学的建议.分析结果:桂北森林生态旅游最佳时节为4月和9～10月,桂南最佳旅游时节为3～5月及9～11月,桂东南最佳旅游时节为3月和9～11月,桂东最佳旅游时节为3～4月和9～11月.     

监控系统信号防雷设计实例

分析雷电对监控设备的影响因素,对广西佛子玻璃深加工有限责任公司监控系统的信号防雷进行设计.     

珠江三角洲典型灰霾天气过程和清洁过程近地层流场的EOF对比分析

利用广东省466个地面自动气象站资料、广州气象站常规气象资料及珠江三角洲4个主要城市的PM 10浓度等资料,通过矢量EOF方法,对选出的珠江三角洲典型灰霾天气过程(2004年1月4~10日)和清洁过程(2005年11月15~21日)的近地层流场进行对比分析。分析表明典型灰霾天气过程第二、三模态有非常明显的日变化特征,受局地中小尺度环流系统影响,污染物局限在当地,出现严重的灰霾天气;而清洁过程与强平流输送有关,主要受大尺度环流系统影响。     

Subducting sediment-derived arc granitoids: evidence from the Datong pluton and its quenched enclaves in the western Kunlun orogen, northwest China

This paper presents detailed SHRIMP zircon U–Pb chronology, mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of the Datong pluton and its quenched enclaves from the western Kunlun orogen, northwest China, in an attempt to achieve a better understanding on the origin of diverse arc magmas. The Datong host granitoids are intermediate to acid in composition (SiO₂?=?57.5?~?73.1 wt.%), and exhibit high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinities. The quenched enclaves are silica-rich ultrapotassic rocks. Detailed SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Datong pluton was emplaced in Ordovician time (473.4–447.7 Ma), which places the Datong pluton in an active continental margin setting, rather than a syn-collision setting of Early Silurian age. The Datong host granitoids were derived by partial melting of subducted sediments, with the subsequent melt interacting with the overlying mantle wedge during its ascent. Partial melting of the veined mantle wedge hybridized by sediment-derived melts generated the silica-rich ultrapotassic magma, which was injected into the Datong granitoid magma chamber and quenched, resulting in enclaves hosted by granitoids. This contribution provides evidence that arc magmas can be derived directly by partial melting of subducted sediments, which is helpful to further understand the origin of diverse arc magmas.     

CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体岩相学及岩石地球化学特征:以新疆北部为例

铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床是镁铁-超镁铁杂岩重要的矿床类型,但二者共生的情况在国内还不多见。新疆北部这类铜镍-钒钛铁复合型矿化岩体较为发育,目前已发现有香山、牛毛泉、土墩南和哈拉达拉等4个岩体属于此类。它们的成岩时代多集中在早二叠世,出露面积在2.8～22km~2,介于通道型铜镍矿化小岩体和大型层状岩体之间,韵律构造发育;岩石组合为超基性-基性-中性岩类,以出现浅色的闪长岩或淡色辉长岩为特点,岩石中金属矿物氧化物(钛铁矿、磁铁矿)和硫化物(黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿,有时有镍黄铁矿)共存和共生;含矿岩石组合和岩石化学特征与典型铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床相比,具有重叠和过渡特征;稀土和微量元素特征反映出杂岩体不同岩石类型可能具有相同或相似岩浆来源,是经过强烈分异和演化的产物。新疆北部这类复合型矿化,与北疆地区典型铜镍矿床和典型钒钛磁铁矿矿床,共同构成了新疆北部后碰撞幔源岩浆矿床成矿谱系。