海洋立管综合环境条件设计标准研究

首先用有限单元法推导海洋输液立管在外界环境荷载条件下的侧向振动微分方程。对渤海某海区的15次风暴过程作了抽样分析，得到以波高为主时的波高、流速序列和以流速为主时的波高、流速序列，并对其进行了Weibull、Gumbel、Lognormal等适线分析，以确定各序列的最优分布形式及相应的特征值。用重点抽样法进行随机模拟得到联合概率为百年一遇的波高的流速。针对线海固定式平台铰接的海洋输液立管，以最大应力为控制条件确定其联合设计标准，并与其它方法作了比较，得到一些有益的结论。     

基于地基微波辐射计对武汉夏季暴雨过程的观测分析

利用地基微波辐射计获取的高时空分辨率资料,结合卫星云图资料,对2012年7月12—13日武汉站发生的暴雨过程中各气象要素与降水的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)相对湿度、液态水含量、不稳定能量的值和其大值区所在的垂直高度在降水期均明显大于非降水期,说明这些要素变化特征与降水有较好的对应关系,应用地基微波辐射计资料要素分析降水过程具有很高的可靠性。(2)以小时雨量10 mm将降水分界为弱降水和强降水时段。云底高度在强降水时段才为零;温度的垂直分布在降水时段存在逆温,且强降水比弱降水时段逆温层更高;水汽密度在有降水发生时,底层的大值区有所抬升,并在强降水时段对流层低层出现26 g/m3的大值中心。可以通过地基微波辐射计对降水做进一步的量级划分,有助于明确雨团性质和降水效率。     

潮汐河口区水化学研究中若干问题的初步探讨

河口滨海区的水体是由组成和性质显著不同的河水和海水混合而成的。在河口区河水和海水的混合作用是复杂的动力学过程。在这一过程中还伴随着其他化学过程、物理化学过程和地质过程。诸如由于水质条件的剧变所引起的难溶物的沉淀作用,胶体和悬浮物的聚沉作用,各种固相与溶解成份之间的交换吸附与沉积作用以及气体交换作用等。因此,河口区混合水体所含物质的组成不仅与河水和海水的化学组成以及江河流量、涌入河口的海水量、河口的地形地貌、沿岸的地质、潮汐过程和气象等外界环境条件有关,也与伴随着混合过程而产生的许多复杂的化学、物理化学过程密切相关。这些过程尤其对混合水体中的微量元素的迁移及溶解气体的分布变化有显著的影响。     

Modeling suspended sediment distribution in continental shelf upwelling/downwelling settings

Numerical experiments were carried out to evaluate the physical effects of upwelling/downwelling on the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) on continental shelves. The results show that (1) because the upwelling or downwelling velocity tends to be of the same order of magnitude as the settling velocity of suspended sediment, various SSC distribution patterns are possible, depending on the relative importance of the velocities; (2) the presence of upwelling can enhance the SSC; and (3) in an upwelling/downwelling system, maximum concentrations may be situated in the middle of the water column, if the settling velocity is larger than the upwelling velocity. Hence, the physical processes associated with upwelling/downwelling are relevant to the SSC distribution observed over the mud patch near Cheju Island, East China Sea. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis indicates that the presence of upwelling/downwelling in the overlying water column increases the accumulation rate at the seabed.     

登陆闽南地区的热带气旋对厦门天气的影响

根据1956～1990年的热带气旋资料,对登陆闽南地区的热带气旋进行气候统计及路径分型,共分北移Ⅰ型、北移Ⅱ型和偏西型三类,文中对上述不同路经类型的热带气旋对厦门降水和大风的影响分别进行了分析。     

海西湾潮流、COD扩散运动的数值模拟

本文采用 ADI 方法模拟了海西湾的潮流、水位场和 COD 扩散运动,所得结果与观测值符合较好。计算结果表明:海西湾自净稀释能力良好;扩建后的薛家岛码头,若以0.5t/d 的 COD 负荷量排放,整个海湾水均属一类水质;如果以二类水质标准来评价距离码头500m 以外的海域,薛家岛码头的最大 COD 负荷量可达2.3t/d.     

徒骇河工程取水的定量研究

采用数值模拟和水力学模型，对沾化电厂扩建后徒骇河供水能力进行了定量计算．通过分析取水前后典型站位及河道沿程水位、流量的变化，对影响取水的因素进行了初步探讨，对增大取水量的工程措施提出了建议。     

海南岛洋浦港潮汐汊道口门的均衡过水面积

将汊道均衡与潮汐特征，纳潮量，淡水径流量及沉积物搬运格局相联系，确定了洋浦港的均衡条件，根据纳潮盆地的水面面积－水面高程曲线以及相关的特征潮位估算平均纳潮量，利用１９７７－１９７９年波浪观测资料和ＣＥＲＣ公式计算沿岸输沙率；此外，还用改进的Ｇａｄｄ公式确定口门涨、落潮流输沙率，计算中引入汊道口门流速频率分布函数的定义。由此而得洋浦港均衡过水面积为５８００ｍ＾２，与Ｏ＇Ｂｒｉｅｎ方法所得结果相比，本     

Isotopic studies of leaf water. Part 2: Between-age isotopic variations in pine needles

We studied between-age oxygen and hydrogen isotopic variations of two pine species, red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), with particular attention paid to variations associated with needle maturity. The 2D model by Shu et al. (this volume) was applied to simulate oxygen isotopic ratios of the pine needles; calculated results were compared with data collected from trees in the Hanover, NH area. The calculations indicate that the mechanism most responsible for age-dependent isotopic variations is the variation in transpiration rate along the needle. Because stomata mature progressively from needle tip to needle base, young needles transpire most of their water near the tip. Mature needles, on the other hand, transpire water more evenly along their lengths. We cannot successfully simulate hydrogen isotopic variations, and it remains to be investigated what mechanism or physical process is not included in the model that affects hydrogen isotopic compositions in leaf water.