影响坡地降雨产流历时的因子分析

运用小型野外便携式人工模拟降雨装置研究了林地、农地、裸地诸因子（坡度、承雨强度、土壤始含水率、林地植被盖度、枯落层厚度）对产流历时的影响。研究发现,林地影响产流历时的主要因子为承雨强度和植被盖度;农地、裸地则为承雨强度、坡度和土壤初始含水率。建立了不同土地利用方式下影响产流历时的单因子、多因子回归方程。通过方程,由植被盖度、坡度、土壤初始含水率和承雨强度四个易于获得的因子可预测不同土地利用方式下的     

半干旱地区沙漠化发展的内在动因

我国半干旱地区(年降水等雨线250-450mm之间的地带)存在着严重的环境退化问题。这里分布着54.0万km²黄土高原的水土流失区和近16.5万km²以风蚀为主的沙漠化土地。本文分析若干典型区为案例, 从人口和资源的关系入手, 认识半干旱地区近年来引起环境退化的内在动因。当前半干旱地区入口、土地、环境之间不协调状况是十分值得注意的。现有土地对人口支持能力已处于临界限度; 现有的经营水平上, 土地资源难以支持现有的人口, 就成为这里土地退化的主要原因。退化后土地供应力的降低导致对土地压力的再度加大, 引起更大的环境退化, 这就构成沙漠化土地在该区加剧发展的内在动因。消除引起沙漠化的内在动因, 摆脱对环境压力的危机状态, 在目前最根本的出路在于有计划控制人口增长速度, 降低农业人口的比重和提高土地潜在生产力。但是只要认真采取对策, 人口、资源、环境协调发展的前景是可以达到的。     

山东土门喀斯特洞穴的发育演化及其意义

<正> 土门喀斯特区位于山东省中部、沂源县西北。该区北、西、南三面均为变质岩山地,东以上五井断裂为界,面积约50平方公里(图1)。区内分布有大小洞穴40余个,为鲁中喀斯特洞穴分布最为集中的地区,但一直缺乏专门的研究。1981年沂源县在本区骑子鞍山前下崖洞附近的石灰岩洞穴和裂隙中发现了属再沉积的猿人头盖骨和牙齿化石,时代为中更新世,但至今却未找到猿人的生活居住地。笔者自1982年以来曾经多次到该区进行调查和探测,现根据获得的实际资料整理成文,以期探明该区洞穴的发育演化过程,并为进一步寻找猿人遗址提供一些线索。      

地下水化学组成的时空聚类分析与多级嵌套水流系统识别

水文地球化学是识别地下水流系统的重要方法,然而区域尺度上多级嵌套地下水流系统的复杂性使地下水化学组成的分析和解释难度增加.以鄂尔多斯北部盆地湖泊集中区典型的胡同察汗淖地下水流系统为例,基于丰水期和枯水期3个期次不同深度地下水样品的物理化学数据,应用时空聚类与主成分分析方法,揭示地下水化学组成的空间分布特征、变化规律及其...     

关于海岸带开发“稳健管理模型”的初步设想

海岸带可持续发展需要具有数据分析和决策的双重功能的计算机“稳健管理模型”。在技术上 ,该管理模型可利用地理信息系统和数据库技术 ,实现法律文件、区域性社会和经济发展规划、海岸带自然环境数据、以及土地利用现状资料的贮存和分析。然后通过一个决策软件 ,将有关资料转化为可持续发展的若干条最大容量规则 ;该软件以海岸带开发项目所需的必要条件为输入参数 ,通过内部一致性检验确定这些条件是否符合可持续发展规则 ,从而对待开发项目作出批准与否的管理决策。随着计算机技术的发展 ,开发这样一个稳健管理模型的时机已经成熟。     

中国北方农牧交错沙漠化地区农业发展战略问题的研究(摘要)

近年来我国北方沙漠化的发展已经涉及到10个省(区)共212个县旗和3500万人口,是一个值得十分重观的国土整治问题。尤其是在半干旱地带的东起嫩江下游西至宁夏东南的农牧交错区,沙漠化问题更为严重。     

草原地带沙漠化环境的特征及其治理的途径——以内蒙乌兰察布草原为例

近年来沙漠化问题愈来愈引起人们的高度重视, 因为它是干旱及半干旱地区环境退化的一种重要方式, 直接影响着这些地区农牧业生产和人类生活环境。在我国北方地区的鄂尔多斯草原、乌兰察布草原、察哈尔草原、锡林郭勒草原、科尔沁草原及呼伦贝尔草原等地, 都有不同程度的沙漠化表现。沙漠化使得地表出现风蚀、粗化、片状流沙堆积及密集沙丘的形成与发育。其结果则导致生物生产量的下降、土地滋生潜力的衰退和可利用土地资源的丧失。如不及时采取防治措施和调整土地利用方向, 其发展的速度和后果将会更加严重, 必需引起足够的重视。为此, 必须加强对这方面的研究和治理工作。     

线源频率电磁测深二维正演(一)

随着频率电磁测深(包括可控源声频大地电磁测深CSAMT)的深入发展,必然要进行三维情况下的研究。线源频率电磁测深二维正演模拟研究为最终实现三维正演打下了基础      

Tectonics of the Dabieshan (eastern China) and possible exhumation mechanism of ultra high-pressure rocks

The Dabieshan is divided into three tectonic domains. The Southern Dabieshan is a stack of allochtons, from top to bottom: (i) unmetamorphosed Cambrian–Early Triassic series unconformably covered by Jurassic sandstone; (ii) weakly metamorphosed Proterozoic slate; (iii) HP rocks mostly retrogressed into greenschist facies; (iv) UHP allochton; (v) UHP-free gneisses. These units exhibit a NW–SE lineation and top-to-the-NW shearing reworked by S-verging folds. The Central Dabieshan is a migmatitic dome superimposed on UHP metamorphism and bounded by a detachement fault responsible for the exhumation of the UHP unit during its retrogression into amphibolite facies. In the Northern Dabieshan, early foliation and N–S trending compressional lineation are deformed by N-verging folds coeval to the syn-exhumation ductile structures of the Central Dabieshan. A geodynamic model involving coeval thrusting and normal faulting is discussed.     

Sedimentary cycle pattern and stacked style of sand-body of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in belly of Junggar Basin

The coarse grain braided river delta in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation of Junggar Basin formed the main Mesozoic reservoir system. At present,there are obvious different opinions on the sedimentary cycle characteristics of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation,and there is a lack of research on the driving mechanisms of sedimentary cyclicity,which leads to a great dispute on the stacked style of sand-bodies. Using 38 wells coring and logging data in the belly of Junggar Basin,based on principles and methods of sedimentology and sedimentary basin analysis,the characteristics of sedimentary cycle in Sangonghe Formation are systematically analyzed. The stacked style and combination rule of sand-bodies are studied in detail within sedimentary cyclic framework. The characteristics of basement subsidence and multi-stage uplifting during the Early Jurassic of Junggar Basin are discussed,so as to clear the driving mechanisms of positive sedimentary cycle. The Sangonghe Formation in the study area is divided into four system tract level positive cycles with no reverse cycle deposition,which reflects the sedimentary characteristics of slow lacustrine transgress and fast lacustrine retrogress. The sand-bodies in the braided river delta front of the Sangonghe Formation show five stacking patterns: Strong erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,superimposed river-mouth bar on subaqueous distributary channel,distal bar-blanket sand assemblage,beach bar sand-body. The first cycle is the intermittent distribution of beach bar sand-bodies. The second cycle includes continuous distribution of strong erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,and superimposed river-mouth bar on subaqueous distributary channel. The third cycle is composed of relatively continuous distribution of weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel and distal bar-blanket sand assemblage. The fourth cycle is scattered distribution of beach bar sand-body. It is possible because of the slow subsidence and intermittent rapid uplift of the basement of Junggar Basin that regressive superposition and the scour interface between each sedimentary cycle are formed.