Ensemble data assimilation in a simple coupled climate model: The role of ocean-atmosphere interaction

A conceptual coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to study coupled ensemble data assimilation schemes with a focus on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the assimilation. The optimal scheme was the fully coupled data assimilation scheme that employs the coupled covariance matrix and assimilates observations in both the atmosphere and ocean. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability that captures the temporal fluctuation of the weather noise was found to be critical for the estimation of not only the atmospheric, but also oceanic states. The synoptic atmosphere observation was especially important in the mid-latitude system, where oceanic variability is driven by weather noise. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability in the coupled model improved the atmospheric variability in the analysis and the subsequent forecasts, reducing error in the surface forcing and, in turn, in the ocean state. Atmospheric observation was able to further improve the oceanic state estimation directly through the coupled covariance between the atmosphere and ocean states. Relative to the mid-latitude system, the tropical system was influenced more by ocean-atmosphere interaction and, thus, the assimilation of oceanic observation becomes more important for the estimation of the ocean and atmosphere.     

Simulating urban flow and dispersion in Beijing by coupling a CFD model with the WRF model

The airflow and dispersion of a pollutant in a complex urban area of Beijing, China, were numerically examined by coupling a Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） model with a mesoscale weather model. The models used were Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） software package and Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. OpenFOAM was firstly validated against wind-tunnel experiment data. Then, the WRF model was integrated for 42 h starting from 0800 LST 08 September 2009, and the coupled model was used to compute the flow fields at 1000 LST and 1400 LST 09 September 2009. During the WRF-simulated period, a high pressure system was dominant over the Beijing area. The WRF-simulated local circulations were characterized by mountain valley winds, which matched well with observations. Results from the coupled model simulation demonstrated that the airflows around actual buildings were quite different from the ambient wind on the boundary provided by the WRF model, and the pollutant dispersion pattern was complicated under the influence of buildings. A higher concentration level of the pollutant near the surface was found in both the step-down and step-up notches, but the reason for this higher level in each configurations was different： in the former, it was caused by weaker vertical flow, while in the latter it was caused by a downward-shifted vortex. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the coupled WRF-OpenFOAM model is an important tool that can be used for studying and predicting urban flow and dispersions in densely built-up areas.     

相关处理机多制式兼容性测试的初步结果

我国VLBI网包括上海佘山、乌鲁木齐和昆明 3个观测站 ,以及上海天文台研制的两台站相关处理机。上海佘山和乌鲁木齐站已升级成MK4制式和只使用薄磁带 ,而昆明站只能使用S2制式。因此 ,实现相关处理机对不同制式数据和薄磁带的兼容 ,是我国VLBI网顺利运行的关键。给出了多制式VLBI观测实验和相关处理的初步结果 ,总结了相关处理机升级后的处理能力 ,并对相关处理机的下一步发展作简单讨论     

Evidence for a new MeV source observed by the COMPTEL experiment aboard CGRO

We report first evidence for a new unidentified and variable MeV source, located near the galactic plane at (l,b)∼(284.5°, 2.5°). The source, GRO J1036-55, is found at a significance level of ∼5.6σ by COMPTEL in its 3–10 MeV band. The energy spectrum indicates a spectral maximum at 3–4.3 MeV with a steep slope at higher energies. Since the COMPTEL 3–4.3 MeV data contain contamination by an instrumental background line, we performed several consistency checks, which all are consistent with an astrophysical nature of this emission feature.     

1-2GHz太阳射电动态频谱仪

本文描述了北京天文台研制的１－２ＧＨｚ太阳射电动态频谱仪的性能、结构、初步观测结果及进一步改进计划．     

高分辨率遥感影像通用定位模型探讨

由于通用传感器模型与具体的传感器无关,因而更能适应传感器成像方式多样化的发展要求,所以通用传感器模型的研究已成为当前摄影测量与遥感领域的一个重要研究方向。在对包括多项式模型、直接线性变换模型和有理函数模型在内的通用传感器模型的定义,参数解算和模型定位进行系统归纳的基础上,对基于通用传感器模型的高分辨率遥感影像的立体像对定位方法进行了理论和实验研究,并对实验结果进行了比较和分析。     

高铁轨道板快速检测方法研究

介绍目前两种轨道板检测方法并分析各方法的优缺点,提出近景摄影测量技术应用于检测轨道板的新方法。通过实验分析验证摄影测量方法检测轨道板的可行性,并从进一步提高检测轨道板效率的角度,提出需要解决的关键问题和检测方法的具体方案。     

Development Processes of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode

Mechanisms for the spatio-temporal development of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode(TPMM) are investigated using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and observations.In both observations and the model,this meridional mode displays decadal variations and is most pronounced in spring and early summer.The model simulation suggests that once SST anomalies in the subtropical northeastern Pacific are initiated,say by northeasterly trade wind variability,perturbations evolve into a merdional dipole in 2-3 months.A...     

京津冀地区霾成因机制研究进展与展望

为满足当前对京津冀地区霾研究和控制的迫切要求,本文梳理了近年来京津冀地区霾的长期变化特征、天气学特征、污染物来源等相关研究成果,发现:从2000年以后,京津冀地区的霾日数呈现出了下降趋势;北京细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度也在总体上呈现下降的趋势,但2013年年均质量浓度仍高达89.5μg m–3,约为我国空气质量标准的3倍(35μg m–3),京津冀空气污染的形势依然严峻;近年来京津冀地区的霾污染事件频发可以归因为不利天气条件与大量污染物人为排放的共同作用;大量的研究表明,区域输送对京津冀地区霾事件的形成和维持有不可忽视的影响;京津冀地区的大气污染不再局限于一时一地,针对重污染天气的预警以及应急控制应该以区域预报为基础实现区域联动;京津冀地区独特的地理环境条件加上城市群的快速发展,形成的局地大气环流也会对局地的污染过程产生重大的影响;大气边界层内气象要素的变化对重污染发生具有显著贡献。京津冀地区的污染控制需要城市群的联动应对治理。