自然金粒级形态模拟

粒级、形态含量分布模拟的基本原理就是首先按对数正态分布产生出自然金的短边和长边,再将二者的乘积分别按短边和二者的比值进行统计归类。用计算机对自然金的粒级形态进行模拟可显著提高粒级、形态计算的精确度,使之更符合客观情况,同时也可节省工时。     

福建龙海市土壤营养元素全量特征及有效量预测

以福建龙海市为研究区,在不同地质背景、土地利用方式、土壤类型和土壤成因类型条件下进行样品采集,共采集56件土壤样品,测定pH值、有机质含量（SOM）、阳离子交换量（CEC）、营养元素全量及有效量。利用相关分析、线性回归分析等统计手段,探究土壤中营养元素有效量的影响因素,建立并验证了研究区土壤中营养元素有效量的预测模型,以此深入了解区内土壤养分状况,为该区土地的合理利用及治理提供科学依据。结果表明：龙海市土壤呈酸性—强酸性,有机质含量较低,阳离子交换量偏低;土壤中N、P、K、Mo、Zn元素全量相对富集;元素全量、有效量及其有效度变异性较强;土壤中B、Cu、K、Mn等营养元素全量与有效量相关性较好,土壤pH值对K、Mo、Si的有效度有一定影响,CEC与Si的有效度呈显著正相关,SOM增加有利于提高Cu、Fe、Mn、P、Zn等元素有效量。通过土壤全量分析数据及土壤理化指标建立的线性模型,可以预测表层土壤中Cu、Fe、Mo、Mo、P、S、Si等营养元素的有效量,若引入更多影响因子,将有利于进一步提高模型的拟合效果,使得预测更准确。     

Water–rock interaction during the process of steam stimulation exploitation of viscous crude oil in Liaohe Shuguang Oil Field, Liaoning, China

In the process of steam stimulation exploitation of viscous crude oil, the injected water, at high temperature and under high pressure, reacts intensively with the host rock. This kind of water–rock interaction in Liaohe Shuguang Oil Field was studied on the basis of analysis of water composition changes, laboratory experiments, mineral saturation indices analysis, and mass balance calculation. Compared with the injected water, the changes of the composition of discharged water are mainly the distinct decrease of pH, Na⁺, SiO₂ and Cl⁻, as well as the increase of K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO ₄ ²⁻ and HCO ₃ ⁻ . Laboratory experiments under field conditions showed: the dissolution sequence of minerals quantitatively is quartz>potassium feldspar>albite, and the main change of clay minerals is the conversion of kaolinite to analcime. Mass balance calculation indicated during the process of steam stimulation, large quantities of analcime are precipitated with the dissolution of large amounts of quartz, kaolinite, potassium feldspar, and CO₂. These results correlated very well with the experimental results. The calculated results of Liaohe Shuguang Oil Field showed that during the steam stimulation for viscous crude oil, the amounts of minerals dissolved (precipitated) are huge. To control the clogging of pore spaces of oil reservoirs, increased study of water–rock interaction is needed.     

强夯碎石土地基土体结构的试验研究

通过现场容重试验和注水试验研究了碎石土地基的密度和渗透性在强夯处理前后的变化,探讨了强夯对土体结构的影响.试验结果表明：强夯能有效改善碎石土的结构,且浅部明显,随深度增加表现出逐渐不明显的趋势;强夯作用下,土体结构的改变在3m以上区域为颗粒填充所致,3m以下则为土体孔隙压缩.     

湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩伴生元素研究新进展

湖南大庸慈利的镍钼多金属矿床是湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩中伴生元素镍钼及铂族元素等富集最好地段。该矿床中的硅岩应属典型的喷气岩；特殊的筒状富矿体，以及Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｔ族元素特殊组合；矿石中金属硫化物呈胶状产出，显示快速堆积特征。     

保德区块中低阶煤层压裂施工砂堵原因分析及技术对策

针对保德区块中低阶煤储层压裂过程中容易出现砂堵影响储层改造效果的问题,根据研究区块的地质条件,结合水力压裂时裂缝在煤层中的扩展规律,分析了保德区块煤层水力压裂出现砂堵的4类主要原因,分别为煤储层裂隙相对发育造成压裂液滤失量增加、压裂沟通高渗透性的顶底板、煤储层本身有效厚度大滤失量增大及多层合压造缝不充分。在此基础上,提出了相应的技术对策,使用清洁压裂液、适当提高并稳定施工排量及优化压裂施工设计,为现场的水力压裂施工和提高煤储层改造效果提供重要指导。     

一种分析砂岩沉积相的新方法——测井相分析

本文分析了以地层倾角测井资料为核心的各种测井相标志，提出了应用测井资料进行沉积相分析的方法和步骤，并在塔里木盆地三个油田进行了测井地质相分析。     

Revision of the conchostracan genus Estherites from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin and its biogeographic significance in China

The diagnosis of Estherites corrugatus from the basal part of the Coniacian Second Member of the Nenjiang Formation in Nenjiang County, north-east China is revised following the application of a new preparation technique to some of the carapaces and an examination of specimens under a scanning electron microscope, both of which revealed morphological features on the carapace that had not been recognized previously. Restudy of the type species of the two subgenera Estherites (Euestherites) and Estherites (Parestherites) also revealed details of carapace features not seen hitherto. These indicate that they should be separated from Estherites. As a result, Euestherites is upgraded to genus level and Parestherites is placed in synonymy. The importance of Estherites and Euestherites is considered in the context of Late Cretaceous assemblages of these crustaceans and the three conchostracan provinces (South-West, South-East and North China) that are recognized to have been present in China during the Turonian–Santonian period.     

Revision of the conchostracan genera Cratostracus and Porostracus from Cretaceous deposits in north-east China

The diagnoses of the conchostracan genera Cratostracus and Porostracus are revised following a re-examination of their type species under a scanning electron microscope. In Cratostracus each growth line has a serrated lower margin. Radial lirae branch into smaller ridges that merge with each other to give the upper part of each growth band in the ventral region of the carapace a slightly undulating surface. Cross-bars are present between these lirae. In Porostracus the radial lirae on the growth bands near the umbo are long and relatively widely spaced. There is a fine reticulum between them in the umbonal part of the carapace and cross-bars on the ventral surface. The ornament of Porostracus indicates that it can be assigned to the family Halysestheriidae rather than to the Afrograptidae, in which it has been placed previously. Morphological analysis of most of the species of the two genera and closely related Orthestheria (Migransia) under the scanning electron microscope is required before their stratigraphic potential can be fully realized.     

An analytical solution for describing the transient temperature distribution in an aquifer thermal energy storage system

A mathematical model is developed for predicting the temperature distribution in an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system, which consists of a confined aquifer bounded from above and below by the rocks of different geological properties. The main transfer processes of heat include the conduction and advection in the aquifer and the conduction in the rocks. The semi‐analytical solution in dimensionless form for the model is developed by Laplace transforms and its corresponding time‐domain solution is evaluated by the modified Crump method. Field geothermal property data are used to simulate the temperature distribution in an ATES system. The results show that the heat transfer in the aquifer is fast and has a vast effect on the vicinity of the wellbore. However, the aquifer temperature decreases with increasing radial and vertical distances. The temperature in the aquifer may be overestimated when ignoring the effect of thermal conductivity. The temperature distribution in an ATES system depends on the vertical thermal conduction in the rocks and the horizontal advection and thermal conduction in the aquifer. The present solution is useful in designing and simulating the heat injection facility in the ATES systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.