群孔抽水试验与同位素分析在煤矿水文地质勘查中的应用

田庄煤矿主采煤层为石炭系太原组16上及17煤层,威胁煤层开采的地下水水源主要为十下灰、十三、十四灰和奥灰含水层。其中十三、十四灰含水层水力联系密切,可按同一含水层看待。十下灰岩水为16上煤的直接充水水源,十三、十四灰灰岩水和奥灰灰岩水为16上及17煤层的底板间接充水水源,在构造地段有可能转化为直接充水水源。在研究煤矿群孔放水试验的基础上,全面分析了氢氧同位素资料,结果表明井田内十下灰和奥灰含水层有各自的补、径、排系统,正常情况下水力联系较弱;十三、十四灰含水层与十下灰和奥灰含水层均发生着水力联系,在采掘及导水断层的影响下,其含水层间地下水联系变得更加密切。两种研究的结论基本一致,增加了成果的科学性和可信性。     

Extreme deformation characteristics and countermeasures for a tunnel in difficult grounds in southern Shaanxi,China

The Qingling–Bashan (QB) mountain region in southern Shaanxi mainly consists of strongly compressive zones from east to west, with tight folds and compressive fractures. There is a wide distribution of soft rocks of various types, such as phyllite and slate, accompanied by complex geological structures. Ironically, tunnel construction in these difficult grounds with complicated geological conditions embraces a high risk of extreme deformation due to various unpredictable reasons, which can frequently cause collapse and result in budget overruns during the construction period. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct effective countermeasures to eliminate or avoid such adverse impacts. This paper provides a case study on the “Yingfeng tunnel” (a tunnel constructed in soft rock consisting of a slate ground) based on a geological survey, indoor experiments and in situ monitoring. A successive rock mass deformation resulted in the tunnel lining seriously intruding into construction clearance and some other sections, even collapsing during the construction. The maximum displacement amount was 62.5 cm, while the maximum deformation speed reached as high as 34.18 mm/day. Additionally, to evaluate the construction impacts of tunnelling-induced geo-hazards, an investigation on extreme deformation was conducted. Considering the time-dependent features of the rock mass deformation, the constraint-convergence method was used to put forward applicable countermeasures in this paper. Finally, from the feedbacks of monitoring results, extreme deformation of the Yingfeng tunnel was effectively controlled.     

Geochemical Features and Tectonic Settings of Upper Ordovician Marine Volcanic Rocks on North Margin of Qaidam

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＢＲＩＥＦＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＤＥＳＣＲＩＰ┐ＴＩＯＮＳＴｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＯｒｄｏｖｉｃｉａｎｍａｒｉｎｅｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｏｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＱａｉｄａｍｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｅａｔｅｄｌｙｄｉｓ...     

应用Winsurf软件绘制磁场分布等值线图

观测场地磁场梯度测量结果最直观的表述方式就是利用ΔF值绘制出的场地地磁场分布等值线图。Winsurf软件是Golden公司开发的一个三维绘图软件包 ,可以绘制各种等值线图和三维立体图。目前最高版本为 8.0。本文较为详细地介绍了利用这个软件的应用方法、步骤。     

成都平原区水稻土成土剖面Cd形态分布特征及影响因素研究

成土过程中不同形态镉(Cd)迁移转化的影响因素研究对于了解Cd的地球化学行为具有非常重要的意义。以四川省成都平原区农田生态系统水稻土剖面中不同形态Cd分布特征为例,探讨成土过程中不同形态Cd的迁移转化影响因素及其生态危害性。结果表明:总量Cd、离子交换态Cd和碳酸盐Cd均表现出表层富集,深层含量稳定的特征;岷江流域和沱江流域水稻土Cd含量的背景值分别为0.147,0.215mg·kg-1。外源输入耕层土壤中Cd主要为活动态,其增加量占Cd总量增加量的60.71%~90.52%,向下垂向迁移能力非常弱。成土过程随着土壤中Cd总量增加,稳定态Cd含量显著增加,而活动态Cd含量明显降低。土壤的pH值主要对碳酸盐态Cd含量有影响,pH值越大,其含量越高;随着土壤成熟度增高,粉粒和粘粒含量增加的同时,残渣态Cd含量显著降低,而有机结合态Cd含量显著增高。耕层土壤中Cd的生物有效性系数高达0.59~0.65,已经严重地影响到农作物安全。     

开拓进取的四川省旅游地学研究会

简单介绍了旅游地学学科的产生及研究会的创立,并从开展学术活动、学科理论建设、科技服务及人才培养等几方面详细阐述了四川省旅游地学研究会的突出成就,最后还对研究会未来发展进行了探讨。     

麻粒岩p—T—t轨迹的研究现状

综述了近年来麻粒岩中p-T-t轨迹的研究现状。内容涉及到麻粒岩相变质作用的温压条件及时间跨度,同时指出:结合岩石中的矿物组合、后成合晶及反应结构,利用矿物温压计是目前确定p-T-t轨迹的主要手段。