辽西葫芦岛东部表层调查方法比对实验

地震勘探中,近地表的不均匀性给激发、接收和静校正等工作带来较大困难。辽西葫芦岛东部地表地质条件复杂,浅表层速度及厚度差异大,表层调查工作直接影响到地下介质成像效果。为使该地区首次进行的地震勘探能够获取准确的静校正量数据、给井深设计提供依据、研究适合该区域的表层调查方法,同时为满足国家深部探测项目对实验方法比对研究的需求,结合小折射、地面微测井和井中微测井三种表层调查方法的工作原理,在该工区分别应用三种方法做同点比对实验,分析了不同调查方法的适用性及精确度。结果表明,三种方法得到的结果与岩性录井结果一致,均能有效探测高速层埋深,指导井深设计,其中:小折射成本较低,适合地面较平坦区段,虽然不够精细,但能够准确找到高速层,可用于井深设计或作为微测井方法的补充;地面微测井适合山高无水或者造山破碎带造成钻井严重漏水的地区,需要井中检波器与大地良好耦合;井中微测井最为精确,探测层位更为精细,能分辨更多层位,与岩性录井结果最接近,在静校正量获取方面具有明显优势。通过三种表层调查的比对,分析了不同方法的适用范围,为该工区选择合适的表层调查方法及方法参数选取提供依据,同时为其他地表复杂区域进行表层调查提供参考。     

海洋观测仪器防生物附着技术

几乎任何固体构件物放入水中,都会不同程度地发生生物附着现象,这极大地限制了海洋观测设备的长期运行。目前有多种防生物附着方法,但没有一种方法是普遍适用的,其效果受到环境因素及被保护对象本身特点的影响。本文论述了生物附着的形成机制以及环境因素对生物附着程度的影响,并按照主动方式与被动方式的分类,介绍了几种常用防生物附着技术的特点及局限性。最后根据各类防生物附着技术及被保护对象的特点,推荐了典型海洋观测设备各部位的防生物附着策略,为实现海洋观测设备长期运行提供保障。     

湖南省柘溪水库人工增雨试验优化技术研究

在总结柘溪水库多年人工增雨发电试验经验的基础上,通过分析资水流域的气候特征、防汛形势、发电需求和安全生产要求,确定了柘溪水库人工增雨作业的适宜时段。通过分析近5年资水流域37次典型降雨日的天气形势和降雨特征,将影响流域降水的主要天气系统归类分型为西风带降雨系统、东风带降雨系统和地形云,并进一步确定了柘溪水库人工增雨作业的优化布局和作业方式。在分析库区特大致洪暴雨典型个例的基础上,找出了柘溪水库人工增雨作业需要规避的强降雨自然灾害高风险区域。     

Nd-Sr Isotopic Geochemistry of the Late Archean-Paleoproterozoic Granitoids in the Lüliang-Wutai Terrain,North China Craton,and Implications for Petrogenesis

1 Introduction The tectono-thermal evolution of the North China Craton (NCC) in Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic times has long been attractive to many researchers (Wan et al., 2000; Zhao et al., 2000, 2002; Guo et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2002; Zhai and Liu 2003; Zhai, 2004; Yu et al., 2004; Kr?ner et al., 2005; Wilde et al., 2005). Zhao et al. (2000, 2002) proposed a tectono-thermo framework for the evolution of the NCCbased on detailed petrological and geochronological data, and they …     

湍流大气中光系统接收功率的起伏概率

文章选用简单而合理的模型讨论了湍流大气中直接探测光系统接收功率起伏的概率特性.理论与实验结果的比较表明,两者较好地符合.其结论可用以指导大气中光系统的设计.     

一种特殊二维各向异性介质中的准瑞利面波的传播

针对弹性参数满足一种特殊形式的二维各向异性介质，结合边界条件，求解波动方程组，得到了该种介质中传播的准瑞利波的波速度满足的方程，进而探讨了该种介质中传播的准瑞利面波的传播规律。     

Source Contributions to PM_(2.5) under Unfavorable Weather Conditions in Guangzhou City,China

Historical haze episodes(2013–16) in Guangzhou were examined and classified according to synoptic weather systems.Four types of weather systems were found to be unfavorable, among which "foreside of a cold front"(FC) and "sea high pressure"(SP) were the most frequent( 75% of the total). Targeted case studies were conducted based on an FC-affected event and an SP-affected event with the aim of understanding the characteristics of the contributions of source regions to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) in Guangzhou. Four kinds of contributions—namely, emissions outside Guangdong Province(super-region), emissions from the Pearl River Delta region(PRD region), emissions from Guangzhou–Foshan–Shenzhen(GFS region), and emissions from Guangzhou(local)—were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting–Community Multiscale Air Quality model. The results showed that the source region contribution differed with different weather systems. SP was a stagnant weather condition, and the source region contribution ratio showed that the local region was a major contributor(37%), while the PRD region, GFS region and the super-region only contributed 8%, 2.8% and 7%, respectively, to PM_(2.5) concentrations. By contrast, FC favored regional transport. The super-region became noticeable,contributing 34.8%, while the local region decreased to 12%. A simple method was proposed to quantify the relative impact of meteorology and emissions. Meteorology had a 35% impact, compared with an impact of-18% for emissions, when comparing the FC-affected event with that of the SP. The results from this study can provide guidance to policymakers for the implementation of effective control strategies.     

High-Order Statistics of Temperature Fluctuations in an Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer over Grassland

Skewness(S) and kurtosis(K) of temperature in the surface layer over a grassland are investigated under unstable thermal stratifications. We find that both skewness and kurtosis generally obey Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and tend to be constant values(1.5 and 5.3, respectively) when the stability parameter z/L -2. Quantitative formulas of the similarity functions are proposed. The temperature probability density function(PDF) is close to Gaussian in near neutral stratification and non-Gaussian in unstable stratification. The influence of coherent motions on the PDF behavior is analyzed using the quadrant analysis technique. It shows that PDF behaviors are controlled by ejections and sweeps. The results also indicate that the PDF type of the ejections always follows a Gaussian distribution, while the PDF of the sweeps changes with stability.     

平面标定法在闪电光学观测中的应用

针对闪电光学观测资料定量分析的需求,采用张正友平面标定法结合便携式平面靶标,实现了闪电外场试验中光学观测设备的现场标定,为消除光学系统成像畸变对闪电通道特征分析的影响提供了一种便捷的途径。使用此方法对广州高建筑物雷电观测站(TOLOG)的6套闪电光学观测设备进行了标定,结果表明:光学观测设备搭载同类型镜头时,焦距越短图像的畸变越明显; 图像中视线与光轴的夹角越大,径向畸变的影响越明显,采用鱼眼镜头获得的闪电通道图像在靠近边缘的位置畸变的影响会超过25%;通过对配备焦距为8 mm鱼眼镜头的单反相机以及配备焦距为8 mm广角镜头的高速摄像机同时获取的闪电光学同步资料进行畸变校正后,发现获取的图像畸变校正前后闪电通道总体长度差异分别为12.9%和4.5%;经过畸变校正后不同设备获取的闪电通道图像比原图拥有更好的一致性。      

内蒙古狼山地区侏罗系LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其物源意义

运用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年和地球化学方法,对内蒙古狼山东升庙和义和久地区侏罗系石拐群物源进行了探讨。通过对111颗有效锆石年龄统计分析可知,年龄峰值以晚古生代(259~308Ma)为主,其次为古元古代(1.74~2.18Ga)和早古元古代—新太古代(2.39~2.58Ga)。晚古生代年龄与狼山大规模出露的海西期岩浆岩年龄一致,古元古代—新太古代年龄与狼山地区古元古代岩浆岩、孔兹岩带年龄分布特征相近。侏罗系砂岩稀土元素配分特征与海西期岩浆岩、乌拉山群、孔兹岩系相似。结合石拐群样品薄片和砾岩分析,认为侏罗系为近源沉积,其物源主要为狼山地区大规模海西期岩浆岩,其次来自河套地区孔兹岩带,狼山地区太古宙乌拉山群、古元古代岩浆岩和早—中三叠世岩浆岩可能提供了部分物源。另外,根据碎屑锆石最年轻年龄为243Ma(中三叠世),结合前人植物化石组合研究及狼山地区整体缺失三叠纪地层的特点,认为该套地层的时代应为早—中侏罗世。狼山地区侏罗系沉积物源模式为南北两侧为隆起物源区,主要物源为北侧狼山隆起,南侧河套隆起向北提供部分物源,不同地区物源存在一定差异。