矿用随钻动态方位伽马仪器的研制与应用

顺煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔是目前最直接最有效的瓦斯治理方法,自然伽马作为含煤地层识别常用的判识依据,可以根据地层放射性判断钻孔轨迹是否在目标层中。但现有的矿用伽马测井仪器只能进行滑动钻进测量,不适用于复合钻进及旋转导向钻进,无法满足伽马动态连续测量的工况。针对以上问题,在分析了煤矿井下随钻测量工况特点和伽马测井原理的基础上,通过低压直流载波双向通信技术进行孔底多扇区方位伽马数据的实时传输;采用屏蔽开窗的结构设计,实现单伽马晶体的8扇区分区测量;基于三轴MEMS加速度传感器和三轴MEMS陀螺仪不同的频率特性,采用互补滤波的动态测量方法,克服了回转钻进过程中振动和旋转对工具面向角测量的影响。通过地面性能测试和井下的工业性试验,验证了仪器在不同放射性地层分界面能正确反映出地层放射性变化规律。试验结果表明,仪器可以满足复合回转定向钻进时的地质导向测量要求,为煤矿井下顺煤层定向钻进提供了技术保障。      

Experimental Simulation Study of the Dominant Enrichment Area of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Shallow-Delta Sedimentary System of the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin

Shallow-delta sedimentary systems receive both terrestrial and marine organic matter. As oil and gas exploration activities determine that the source rocks of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, are generally rich in and even dominated by terrestrial organic matter, this has led many researchers to examine the rules governing terrestrial organic matter enrichment in shallow-delta sea sedimentary systems. However, the deep burial of source rocks in deep-water areas and the relatively small amount of drilling undertaken have greatly restricted the study of these rules. In this study, the ‘forward modeling’ research method was used to observe and analyze the deposition and preservation of terrestrial organic matter through flume experiments, where the depositional results were carefully depicted and sampled. The total organic carbon content of selected samples was measured and when combined with qualitative observations and quantitative comparison results, the dominant enrichment areas of terrestrial organic matter were identified. The experimental results show that the overbank parts of the delta front, the dune countercurrent surface, the low-lying parts, the delta front slope area and the shallow-prodelta sea area are where terrestrial organic matter is predominantly enriched. This provides an important basis and guidance for the prediction of the development areas of marine source rocks with terrestrial input in the deep-water areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

Crustal Electrical Structure and Deep Metallogenic Potential in Northern Wuyi Area (South China), based on Magnetotelluric Data

The northern Wuyi area, which is located in the northern Wuyi metallogenic belt, has superior mineralization conditions. The Pingxiang–Guangfeng–Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault (PSF) extends across the whole region regardless of whether or how the PSF relates to the near-surface mineralization. We carried out an MT survey in the region and obtained a reliable 2D model of the crustal electrical structure to a depth of 30 km. In the resistivity model, we inferred that a continuous high conductivity belt that ranges from the shallow to deep crust is a part of the PSF. Then, we estimated the fluid content and pressure gradient to identify the deep sources of fluid as well as its pattern of motion pattern. Finally, we proposed a model for the deep metallogenic migration processes that combines geological data, fluid content data, pressure gradient data, and the subsurface resistivity model. The model analysis showed that the Jiangnan orogenic belt and the Cathaysia block formed the PSF during the process of com. The deep fluid migrated upward through the PSF to the shallow crust. Therefore, we believe that the PSF is an ore-forming fluid migration channel and that it laid the material basis for large-scale mineralization in the shallow crust.     

基于机器学习模型的淮河流域中长期径流预报研究

准确可靠的中长期径流预报是支撑水资源科学调配、提高水资源利用效率的关键。本研究采用AdaBoost模型(AdB)、随机森林模型(RF)和支持向量机模型(SVM)进行淮河流域王家坝和蚌埠站当年11月至次年10月共12个月的中长期径流预报研究。采用置换准确度重要性度量法从130项气象-气候因子及前期降雨/流量构建的1 562个因子变量中筛选出影响各月径流的关键因子,构建了基于AdB、RF和SVM模型的各月径流预报模型,模型参数采用随机搜索技术并结合交叉验证方式确定。采用变幅误差合格率和等级(五级)预报合格率指标对模型的预报精度进行了评估。变幅误差合格率指标表明,王家坝12个月的平均合格率分别为99.8%(AdB)、96.6%(RF)和95.9%(SVM),蚌埠站分别为100%(AdB)、94.8%(RF)和93.8%(SVM);等级预报合格率指标表明,王家坝12个月的平均合格率分别为79.0%(AdB)、76.4%(RF)和79.9%(SVM),蚌埠站分别为81.0%(AdB)、75.6%(RF)和76.6%(SVM)。模型均具有较好的预报效果,但RF和SVM模型对于高流量值的预报存在偏低现象,AdB模型整体上优于RF和SVM模型。     

氡(222Rn)在地下水-地表水相互作用中的应用研究进展

地下水-地表水相互作用是水资源管理和地表水生态系统保护中重要的一个环节,氡同位素(²²²Rn)由于其在地下水与地表水中含量差异显著、性质保守、检测难度低,广泛运用于地下水-地表水相互作用的研究当中。本文通过总结分析²²²Rn在不同地表水体(海水、河水、湖水等)中的应用,指出刻画地下水氡浓度的异质性是估算地下水排泄的重点和难点。在估算海底地下水排泄(SGD)时,氡的混合损失项估算不确定、海水氡浓度时空变异性、SGD的多组分特征等可能给估算结果带来较大不确定性;在估算河流地下水排泄时难以确定氡的大气逃逸量;研究人员对氡在示踪地表水补给地下水方面的研究程度相对不足。本文从科学研究和实际生产方面,对²²²Rn的研究应用提出以下潜在方向:(1)降低地下水氡空间变异性对估算地下水排泄量的影响;(2)针对不同水体、不同水文条件,准确刻画氡的大气逃逸量;(3)拓展²²²Rn示踪能够解决的科学问题;(4)将氡质量平衡模型计算与不确定分析相结合,实现软件化。     

大兴安岭中段林西组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗西北部分布大面积的晚二叠世林西组沉积地层,该沉积地层主要为长石砂岩、粉砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩夹不同规模的含砾砂岩及灰岩,中部含有较为丰富的双壳类、植物化石。本次研究针对林西组下部的长石岩屑砂岩进行LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb测年工作,共获得98个有效年龄,年龄分布范围为（2 552.3±22.5）~（227.6±5.4）Ma,大部分年龄位于谐和曲线上,部分结果偏离曲线,根据测试数据按年龄值和频率分布特征大致分为以下几组：上泥盆世—晚二叠世（380.0~246.1 Ma）、志留纪—寒武纪晚期（489.0~413.8 Ma）、中元古代—新元古代（1 239.5～808.1 Ma）、古元古代（2 554.0～1 784.3 Ma）。上述年龄与区域上的岩浆事件基本吻合。综合研究表明研究区内林西组沉积下限为（253.4±1.5） Ma,林西组的物源主体应来自于西拉木伦河—延吉一线,其余锆石来源主要为兴蒙造山带内部、华北板块北缘和东北各地块,1.8和2.5 Ga的碎屑锆石更有可能来自华北板块北缘,华北板块和西伯利亚板块在（253.4±1.5） Ma之前已经完成碰撞、拼合,古亚洲洋已经闭合,兴蒙海槽形成。林西组海相核形石的发现表明晚二叠世大兴安岭中段地区应以海相环境为主,直到三叠纪早期才逐渐转变为陆相沉积环境。     

广西凌云县地下水资源量评价

为研究广西凌云县地下水资源状况,在分析区内地质构造、岩溶发育特征、含水介质及水动力条件的基础上,采用降水入渗系数法和枯季径流模数法分别对凌云县地下水天然补给量和可开采资源量进行评价,并对地下水资源空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明: 全区地下水多年平均天然补给量112 619.73万m³/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量69 797.68万m³/a,基岩裂隙水多年平均天然补给量为42 822.05万m³/a,可开采资源量为9 840.37万m³/a。区内岩溶发育较强烈,岩溶形态丰富,岩溶发育在垂向上具有一定分带性,高程跨度大,地下水资源空间分布总体相对较为均匀。研究成果为凌云县地下水资源可持续开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Behaviour of an outward inclined-vertical framed retaining wall of an excavation

Acta Geotechnica - A new excavation retaining structure, referred to as an outward inclined-vertical framed retaining wall (OIVFRW), has been developed and adopted in practice. This retaining...     

Hybrid machine learning model with random field and limited CPT data to quantify horizontal scale of fluctuation of soil spatial variability

Acta Geotechnica - The scale of fluctuation (SOF) is the critical parameter to describe the soil spatial variability, which significantly influences the embedded geostructures. Due to the limited...