大连市工业发展阶段判断及其结构调整

随着世界制造业中心向我国转移以及党中央关于东北老工业基地振兴战略的实施,大连市工业面临着难得的发展机遇.必须适时进行结构调整,从整体上提高其产业能级、辐射功能和国际竞争力.基于此,选取了轻重工业结构、人均GDP等一系列工业发展阶段的判断指标,通过比较分析,判定大连市工业的发展处于重工业化的中后期阶段,即加工工业阶段.针对工业所处阶段的特征和面临的问题,运用多指标分析方法,得出了石油化工业、装备制造业、服装工业、食品工业、电子信息业为大连市的五大主导产业,并据此提出了工业结构调整的具体建议.     

考虑非均质各向异性效应的阻滑桩加固土坡稳定性分析

基于极限分析上限定理与土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,考虑土的强度分布的非均质性与各向异性, 建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式。对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,考虑土的强度非均质性与各向异性的条件,利用极限分析上限定理建立阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧有效土压力。通过大量的变动参数对比计算,探讨了土的强度的非均质性与各向异性等因素对阻滑桩桩侧极限抗力及最优加固位置的影响。     

振动三轴试验误差的分析及校正

振动三轴仪是室内土工试验中研究土体动力特性的重要仪器,但从以往的试验结果来看具有一定的离散性。这除了试验操作的人为误差外,振动三轴仪系统本身也会带来一定的误差,如双向动荷载的相位差不能达到预定值,系统本身的阻尼力,及试验数据的滞后性等等。为提高振动三轴试验的精确度,有必要对振动三轴试验的误差进行分析,找到误差的来源并进行相应的校正。     

人类重大工程对格尔木冲洪积扇水资源与生态环境系统的影响研究

格尔木冲洪积扇地处内陆高原，干旱少雨，生态环境极为脆弱，水不仅是区内人民生活和国民经济发展的生命物质基础，也是维持区内脆弱生态环境平衡的主要因素。自50年代以来，该区兴建了一系列重大工程，这些重大工程的兴建对经济发展起到了决定性作用，但同时也诱发了一系列生态环境负效应，造成了巨大的经济损失。因此在研究格尔木地区水资源系统特征的基础上，分析了人类重大工程对格尔木冲洪积扇水资源与生态环境系统的影响，提出了水资源与生态环境系统保护的对策和措施。     

鸭绿江盆地鹰嘴砬子组和馒头组的沉积时限及物源:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

鸭绿江盆地中生界鹰嘴砬子组与古生界馒头组河口段碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb的年代学研究结果表明,采自鹰嘴砬子组的凝灰质粉砂岩(样品HD1-3),其碎屑锆石年龄分布区间为3 259~123Ma。主要年龄峰为2 500 Ma(33%)、1 807 Ma(11%)、282 Ma(11%)、235 Ma(5%)、150 Ma(7%)和126 Ma(5%),最年轻的一组锆石加权平均年龄(126 Ma)限定地层的沉积下限为早白垩世,其沉积物源来自于盆地内部及其邻区古元古代、古生代和中生代岩浆作用的产物。采自馒头组河口段的岩屑长石砂岩(样品SD2-1),其碎屑锆石年龄分布区间为2 350~503 Ma。形成的年龄峰值主要为1 553 Ma(13%)、1 396 Ma(13%)、1 086 Ma(17%)和787 Ma(30%)。最小的锆石年龄(503 Ma)限定地层沉积下限为晚寒武世,其沉积物源主要来自鸭绿江盆地内部及其邻区的中元古代和新元古代岩浆作用的产物。     

Morphological evolution of the channel-shoal system in the South Channel of the Changjiang Estuary during 1958-2018: Causes and future trends

The stability of estuarine channel-shoal systems is important for port utilization, navigation maintenance, habitat protection and ecosystem service functions. This paper uses the South Channel of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary as a typical example to investigate the channel-shoal adjustment mechanism and its future trend. The combined approaches of bathymetric data analysis and process-based modeling (Delft3D) are applied. Quantitative analysis of morphological changes indicates that the South Channel experienced remarkable channel-shoal adjustment during 1958-2018. Periodic evolution was identified, including shoal migration, incision and emergence under natural conditions before the mid-1980s. Since then, fluvial sediment decline and local human intervention have interrupted the periodic processes. After 1986, as river sediment discharge started to decline, the South Channel converted to net erosion, and both the mid-channel shoal at the bifurcation node and the tail of the Ruifeng Shoal showed significant scour. Process-based hydrodynamic simulations revealed that the northern rotation of the mainstream downstream of Wusong triggered the erosion of the Ruifeng Shoal, while unordered sand mining at the shoal tail in approximately 2002 enhanced shoal shrinkage. In addition, the self-adjustment of the transverse section shape resulted in abnormal accretion in 2002-2007. Afterward, the South Channel underwent overall erosion as sediment discharge decreased to a low level (<150 Mt/a). Five stages of channel-shoal pattern adjustment and accretion/erosion status during the past 60 years were defined, i.e., the accretion stage (1958-1965), remarkable channel-shoal adjustment stage (1978-1986), slow erosion stage (1986-1997), shoal scour and shrinkage stage (1997-2007) and overall channel-shoal erosion stage (2007-2018). Model prediction of the evolutionary trend indicates that overall erosion within the South Channel is most likely to continue in 2015-2050. Further adjustment of the South Channel under extremely low sediment discharge may threaten the riverbed stability and the sustainable development of this large-scale estuary. Future work on adaptive strategies for varying conditions is recommended.     

中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较

对中国对虾"黄海2号"核心群进行全同胞兄妹交配构建近交一代群体,并以核心群的传代家系为对照群体,将2个对虾群体经荧光标记后进行80天的共同养殖测试,期间测量5个不同时间阶段的体重和存活率数据,研究选育群体和全同胞近交一代群体在不同养殖阶段的生长、存活及近交衰退情况。生长实验结果表明,除第10天养殖阶段外,选育群体在其它4个养殖阶段的体重均与全同胞近交一代群体存在显著差异(P0.05);在第30、50和80天,2个群体的特定生长率均呈现下降趋势,从整个养殖测试阶段来看,选育群体的特定生长率高于全同胞近交一代群体,二者分别为2.04、1.91;从各个养殖阶段来看,选育群体的体重变异系数范围为14.89%~24.80%,属于中等变异,说明选育群体依然具有较大的选育空间。在存活率方面,第30、50和80天养殖阶段,2个群体的存活率均存在显著差异(P0.05),且随着养殖时间的延长,选育群体与全同胞近交一代群体的平均存活率差异越来越大。近交衰退结果显示,全同胞近交一代生长性状的近交衰退系数范围为-5%~-14.49%,存活性状的近交衰退系数范围为-1.78%~-7.3%,在5个不同养殖阶段存活性状的近交衰退程度均低于生长性状。研究表明,对于经多代改良的中国对虾选育群体,全同胞兄妹交配一代产生的近交仍会造成不同养殖阶段的显著近交衰退,应该在育种过程中采取严格的近交控制策略来实现良种的选育。     

青岛中港海水全浸初期不锈钢表面生物膜的细菌多样性分析

为了研究全浸15天不锈钢表面生物膜的形成情况,首先采用SEM及荧光显微镜进行观察,显示全浸15天不锈钢表面已有大量微生物及其腐蚀产物附着,表明其表面生物膜已经形成;进一步通过EDS对不锈钢表面进行元素分析,发现实海全浸15天的316L不锈钢表面出现了大量组成生物体的C、P等基本元素,并且还出现了不锈钢基体中所不存在而存在于生物膜及其代谢产物中O等元素,进一步证明了不锈钢表面生物膜的形成。采用16S rRNA基因结合PCR-RFLP技术分析手段对实海全浸15天的316L不锈钢表面生物膜细菌群落的多样性进行了研究,发现316L不锈钢表面附着细菌的OTU数为24,分别属于变形菌门和拟杆菌门,其中α-变形菌的OTU数是18,占总克隆数的72.3%,为绝对优势种群。     

Re-identifying Grateloupia yangjiangensis (Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphological observations, life history and rbcL sequence analyses

On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.