非饱和粉土静、动强度对比试验研究

针对非饱和重塑粉土,利用改进的可控制吸力式非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,进行了多组固结排水非饱和土静、动三轴试验,探讨了非饱和粉土静、动强度特性,分析了粉土静三轴强度随固结压力、吸力变化的规律,以及动强度随固结压力、吸力以及破坏振动次数变化的规律,研究表明粉土静、动强度之间具有很强的相关性。最后,通过归一化处理提出了利用粉土的静三轴强度推求相应的动力强度曲线的公式,从而达到在非饱和土地基稳定性分析中减少工作量的目的。     

边坡稳定强度折减有限元分析中的若干问题讨论

强度折减有限元法在边坡稳定性分析中得到了广泛应用,但仍存在一些问题未能很好地解决。首先探讨了不同单元类型对边坡稳定安全系数计算精度的影响,指出采用三角形二阶单元,能够较好地模拟土坡的渐近破坏过程,且相对网格大小控制在0.1～0.15之间时能获得较精确的解;其次讨论了边坡失稳的4个判据问题,指出在合理网格大小区间内,有限元强度折减至土坡破坏时,先后出现塑性区贯通、等效塑性应变带贯通、位移陡增与数值计算不收敛等4种表征,以此分别作为边坡失稳判据,所得到的安全系数具有较好的一致性;最后讨论了边坡破坏时滑动面深浅、滑出点位置与坡体材料的黏聚力、内摩擦角及坡角间的关系,指出黏聚力越大、内摩擦角越小或坡度越小,滑动面越深,且滑出点越远离坡脚。     

SEDIMENT LOAD AND STORAGE IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE

The Yellow River is one of the largest riverine sediment routing system in the world. Like many other rivers, the sediment load of the Yellow River can not be regarded as constant in its long history due to changes in climate and human activities. This study determined sediment storage on the floodplains of the lower Yellow River in five historical periods after the year 602 bc mainly based on data of 93 boreholes, 182 radiocarbon dates in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain and maps of historical changes of the lower Yellow River channel. Furthermore, the mean annual sediment outputs from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River were calculated in the five periods through investigating the sediment delivery ratio of the lower Yellow River under different conditions of artificial levees. Our findings suggest that the sediment output from the upper and middle Yellow River increased slowly before the year around 1128, but was lower than half of the current value on average. It has been in the past about 1000 years that the sediment output from the upper and middle Yellow River escalated. The Loess Plateau is the principal sediment source of the Yellow River. The comparison of historical changes in sediment load of the lower Yellow River with those in the natural conditions and in human activities on the plateau reveals that the changes in sediment yield from the plateau could be attributed mainly to the variations of population, cultivating area, and climate changes on the plateau.     

乌梁素海湿地时空动态演化

以半荒漠地区乌梁素海湿地为研究区域,利用GIS、RS技术结合景观生态学的理论和方法,对1986-2008年不同时间、空间粒度的多源遥感影像进行信息提取,描述不同类型区景观斑块指数动态变化,进行湿地生态资源时空异质性分析,对乌梁素海湿地类型区之间的演化关系和演化方向进行研究,定量分析湿地各类型区景观动态演化趋势。结果表明：景观破碎化程度降低,明水区丧失,水下水草丛生,以芦苇为主的大型挺水植物平均面积约占湿地的49%以上,是湖泊湿地类型区演化的主导类型。湿地时空格局演变和气候、水文条件及人为影响相关,再现了人类活动对湿地景观的干扰过程和干扰强度。     

烟台市土地储备系统设计与实现

分析了烟台市土地收购、整理、储备和出让等业务管理内容,在数字烟台地理空间信息公共平台的基础上,以GIS技术为支撑工具,以土地收购储备、出让业务中的空间信息和属性信息为核心数据资源,建立了土地收购储备、出让业务实施管理系统。简化了烟台地区土地储备流程,优化了储备土地及土地开发流程,提高了土地资源利用率,也进一步验证了基于SOA架构的GIS的优势。     

游艇旅游概念辨析及开发策略研究

开发游艇旅游有助于推动海上旅游及海洋经济发展,但目前国内还没有形成独立的概念理论体系。文章全面总结和探讨游艇旅游概念的内涵、特征及其中外差异性,对比研究与之相关的海上旅游、游船旅游、邮轮旅游等概念,在此基础上分析我国游艇旅游开发的原则与存在的误区;最后以利益相关者理论为基础,从政府部门、行业协会、旅游企业和旅游者4大核心利益相关主体角度,提出我国游艇旅游开发策略,以期为游艇旅游发展提供参考。     

Influences of the Helical Strake Cross-Section Shape on Vortex-Induced Vibrations Suppression for A Long Flexible Cylinder

An experimental study on a bare flexible cylinder as well as cylinders fitted with two types of cross-sectioned helical strakes was carried out in a towing tank. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of strakes’ cross-section on the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) suppression of a flexible cylinder. The square-sectioned and round-sectioned helical strakes were selected in the experimental tests. The uniform current was generated by towing the cylinder models along the tank using a towing carriage. The Reynolds number was in the range of 800–16000. The strain responses were measured by the strain gages in cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) directions. A modal analysis method was adopted to obtain the displacement responses using the strain signals in different measurement positions. The comparison of the experimental results among the bare cylinder, square-sectioned straked cylinder and round-sectioned straked cylinder was performed. The helical strakes can effectively reduce the strain amplitude, displacement amplitude, response frequencies and dominant modes of a flexible cylinder excited by VIV. And the mean drag coefficients of straked cylinders were approximately consistent with each other. In addition, the square-sectioned and round-sectioned strakes nearly share the similar VIV reduction behaviors. Sometimes, the strakes with round-section represent more excellent effects on the VIV suppression of response frequency than those with square-section.     

基于社会需求与交通可达性的新疆通勤机场布局研究

从经济、人口、资源、交通以及社会公益性综合层面评价县域民航需求与交通可达性水平空间差异,采用断裂点模型对现有干、支线机场布局进行评价,确定新疆通勤机场布局与功能。结论：（1）影响新疆县域民航发展需求的各类因素中,经济因子客观权重高于社会与环境因子。（2）民航发展需求水平与交通可达性综合水平县域间差距较大,整体偏低。（3）民航发展需求指数与交通可达性综合指数组合为6类区域,且大部分为"低需求低可达性"。（4）机场吸引力有效断裂点为70个,集中分布在民航发展需求与综合交通可达性中低水平区域。（5）新疆民航机场布局可发展干-支-通勤三层轴-辐与南北疆环线布局模式。     

三层管底喷取心钻具在海相第四系和新近系中的应用

在海相第四系和新近系地层中钻进存在流塑、软塑等淤泥地层取心困难,砂层中堵心、被冲刷、样品扰动等现象时有发生。针对上述问题,设计了三层管底喷取心钻具,并在施工中加以改进。通过在南黄海科钻CSDP-2孔第四系、新近系中施工验证,证明该钻具具有很好的取心效果。     

初始应力条件对松砂动力变形特性影响的试验研究

实际建筑物地基或土坡中土体在地震或波浪等复杂动力荷载作用前往往处于复杂的初始应力状态,而常规的土工动力试验通常无法再现这种复杂固结应力条件下土的动力特性。利用最新研制开发的土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,针对福建标准砂（ %）,进行了循环扭剪试验,探讨了初始主应力方向角 和初始偏应力比 等初始固结条件对松砂动剪切模量G和阻尼比 等动力变形特性的影响。