Re-identifying Grateloupia yangjiangensis (Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphological observations, life history and rbcL sequence analyses

On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.     

中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较

对中国对虾"黄海2号"核心群进行全同胞兄妹交配构建近交一代群体,并以核心群的传代家系为对照群体,将2个对虾群体经荧光标记后进行80天的共同养殖测试,期间测量5个不同时间阶段的体重和存活率数据,研究选育群体和全同胞近交一代群体在不同养殖阶段的生长、存活及近交衰退情况。生长实验结果表明,除第10天养殖阶段外,选育群体在其它4个养殖阶段的体重均与全同胞近交一代群体存在显著差异(P0.05);在第30、50和80天,2个群体的特定生长率均呈现下降趋势,从整个养殖测试阶段来看,选育群体的特定生长率高于全同胞近交一代群体,二者分别为2.04、1.91;从各个养殖阶段来看,选育群体的体重变异系数范围为14.89%~24.80%,属于中等变异,说明选育群体依然具有较大的选育空间。在存活率方面,第30、50和80天养殖阶段,2个群体的存活率均存在显著差异(P0.05),且随着养殖时间的延长,选育群体与全同胞近交一代群体的平均存活率差异越来越大。近交衰退结果显示,全同胞近交一代生长性状的近交衰退系数范围为-5%~-14.49%,存活性状的近交衰退系数范围为-1.78%~-7.3%,在5个不同养殖阶段存活性状的近交衰退程度均低于生长性状。研究表明,对于经多代改良的中国对虾选育群体,全同胞兄妹交配一代产生的近交仍会造成不同养殖阶段的显著近交衰退,应该在育种过程中采取严格的近交控制策略来实现良种的选育。     

海岸带遥感影像并行处理系统的设计与实现

针对海量、大型海岸带遥感影像处理的难题,以高性能集群并行处理技术和大规模分布式处理技术为代表的遥感影像处理方法,提出了一个构建在网格计算环境下的,适合大规模遥感影像快速、批量处理的一整套软硬件技术解决方案。从海岸带遥感影像地理特征、技术特点、真正射影像生产流程等多方面对海岸带遥感影像并行处理系统的关键技术进行了描述说明,并对精度和效能进行了分析。     

海洋能发电装置现场检测平台设计

随着国际社会对海洋可再生能源开发利用的关注,众多海洋能发电装置投入研发。目前我国已有相当一部分海洋能发电装置进入海试阶段。因此,在海洋能发电装置海试的过程中,需要对海洋能发电装置的发电性能进行检测。文中介绍了海洋能发电装置现场检测平台的设计,研究并设计检测方法以满足海洋能发电装置现场检测的需求。海洋能发电装置现场检测平台的设计以满足波浪能、潮流能发电装置的测试需求为主,兼顾其他形式的发电装置。该平台主要对海洋能发电装置的功率特性、电能质量特性以及电网适应性等指标进行测试,并根据海洋能发电装置的测试结果开展分析与评价。     

适用于并网型海洋能发电装置的防孤岛检测方法研究及系统设计

针对海洋能发电装置的研究现状和未来发展,预计并网型海洋能发电装置会成为重要发展方向,主要是在用户侧并网。发电装置与本地负载会产生孤岛效应,对电网和发电装置的安全性和稳定性产生严重影响。因此,并网前对海洋能发电装置进行防孤岛能力的检测成为必然环节。文中设计了一种适用于并网型海洋能发电装置的防孤岛检测系统,介绍了系统的功能与结构,参考分布式发电装置接入电网的相关标准,探讨了适合并网型海洋能发电装置的防孤岛检测方法,为检测工作的开展打下基础。     

Annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical pacific as simulated by three versions of FGOALS

The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-g1.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-g1.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully reproduced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the serious warm bias existing in FGOALS-g1.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-g1.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-g1.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally responsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-g1.0. Both FGOALS-g1.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of El Ni-no events — with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) — but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP El Ni-no, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific.     

城市地表温度空间降尺度研究—以北京市为例

地表温度LST（Land Surface Temperature）是城市热环境研究的重要参数之一,城市下垫面极为复杂,LST空间差异性较高。高空间分辨率LST对精细化城市热环境监测和缓解具有重要意义。目前大部分城市遥感LST降尺度研究仍以二维角度为主,缺乏建筑三维结构的考虑。本研究同时考虑地表二维和三维指标,构建基于随机森林方法的降尺度模型,开展MODIS 1 km LST降尺度研究（100 m）,并探讨二维和三维建筑形态对LST影响的空间尺度效应。另外,为了弥补随机森林模型缺乏物理基础的不足,参考热辐射传输方程,将方程中传感器接收的辐亮度和与大气透过率相关的大气可降水量,加入降尺度模型构建中。为了更好利用真实观测的MODIS 1 km LST验证降尺度结果,故将MODIS LST和所有指标因子升尺度至5 km,开展5 km LST降尺度至1 km研究,进一步研究探讨大气顶层辐亮度和大气可降水量对LST降尺度的影响。研究结果表明：（1）随机森林模型中增加辐亮度和大气可降水量前后,通过将5 km LST降尺度后1 km LST与原始MODIS 1 km LST相比,RMSE和R²分别由3.1 K和0.5提高至0.38 K和0.94。（2）当随机森林模型中增加建筑形态指标后,模型的袋外分数OOB_score由0.46提高至0.49,模拟的100 m LST与ASTER LST产品比较,R²有所降低,可能的原因是ASTER 和MODIS LST的反演方法和传感器不同,造成两者在100 m尺度下的对比性差一些。但是当驱动因子中增加MOD02和MOD05后,RMSE和R²由2.4 K和0.29提高至1.2 K和0.68,进一步说明MOD02和MOD05在1 km LST降至100 m过程中,起到至关重要作用。（3）在1 km和100 m尺度下,增加建筑形态后,模型OOB_score均有提高,并且建筑形态指标的重要性有所不同,在100 m尺度下独立建筑形态的影响程度有所增加。综上,MODIS LST在城市地区降尺度研究中需要考虑大气顶层辐亮度、大气可降水量和建筑形态的影响,并且不同的建筑形态对LST的重要性存在空间尺度效应。     

基于WebGIS的土壤重金属污染修复评价系统设计与实现

近年来,我国加大了土壤重金属污染治理与修复的力度,修复过程监管和效果评价成为重要的研究内容.针对当前存在的修复过程监管困难、修复效果评价因素多样等问题,本文选取内梅罗综合污染指数作为重要的评价指标,应用物联网技术、克里金空间插值方法和3D WebGIS开发技术,设计开发了一种在线的土壤重金属污染修复评价系统,该系统实现了修复工程管理、数据在线采集与管理、修复效果评价和三维可视化表达等功能,并在实际土壤修复工程中取得了较好的应用效果,提高了修复过程监管的效率和修复效果评价的准确性.     

基于大地电场岩体裂隙水渗流模型的地震前兆异常特征研究

基于地电场潮汐波岩体裂隙水（电荷）渗流（移动）模型计算辽宁地区大地电场优势方位角α,并对比分析降雨、温度、磁暴等典型干扰对大地电场优势方位角α的影响程度。结果表明,大地电场优势方位角α受典型干扰的影响较小。结合2013-01-23辽宁灯塔M_S5.1地震前后优势方位角α的动态变化研究发现,多个同一或相邻地质构造地电场台站准同步的岩体裂隙电荷移动方位的长时间突变可认为是中强地震的前兆异常。     

Morphological evolution of the channel-shoal system in the South Channel of the Changjiang Estuary during 1958-2018: Causes and future trends

The stability of estuarine channel-shoal systems is important for port utilization, navigation maintenance, habitat protection and ecosystem service functions. This paper uses the South Channel of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary as a typical example to investigate the channel-shoal adjustment mechanism and its future trend. The combined approaches of bathymetric data analysis and process-based modeling (Delft3D) are applied. Quantitative analysis of morphological changes indicates that the South Channel experienced remarkable channel-shoal adjustment during 1958-2018. Periodic evolution was identified, including shoal migration, incision and emergence under natural conditions before the mid-1980s. Since then, fluvial sediment decline and local human intervention have interrupted the periodic processes. After 1986, as river sediment discharge started to decline, the South Channel converted to net erosion, and both the mid-channel shoal at the bifurcation node and the tail of the Ruifeng Shoal showed significant scour. Process-based hydrodynamic simulations revealed that the northern rotation of the mainstream downstream of Wusong triggered the erosion of the Ruifeng Shoal, while unordered sand mining at the shoal tail in approximately 2002 enhanced shoal shrinkage. In addition, the self-adjustment of the transverse section shape resulted in abnormal accretion in 2002-2007. Afterward, the South Channel underwent overall erosion as sediment discharge decreased to a low level (<150 Mt/a). Five stages of channel-shoal pattern adjustment and accretion/erosion status during the past 60 years were defined, i.e., the accretion stage (1958-1965), remarkable channel-shoal adjustment stage (1978-1986), slow erosion stage (1986-1997), shoal scour and shrinkage stage (1997-2007) and overall channel-shoal erosion stage (2007-2018). Model prediction of the evolutionary trend indicates that overall erosion within the South Channel is most likely to continue in 2015-2050. Further adjustment of the South Channel under extremely low sediment discharge may threaten the riverbed stability and the sustainable development of this large-scale estuary. Future work on adaptive strategies for varying conditions is recommended.