S-101与S-57分类编码对比分析(三):复杂结构

地理要素的分类编码是人类认知地理信息世界的成果,也是人类对地理信息世界再认知的入口和关键。在海洋地理信息领域,S-101数据标准即将替代现行S-57 ENC标准,分类编码方案也将会相应改变。从复杂要素、复杂属性两方面内容,对新旧两套分类编码进行对比分析,为涉海人员消化吸收新标准提供一定的参考。     

江西牛形坝-柳木坑金银铅锌多金属矿床铋矿物类型及指示意义

江西银坑矿田的牛形坝-柳木坑矿床是赣南于都-赣县矿集区典型的金银铅锌多金属矿床。根据野外调研、系统矿相学研究和电子探针成分分析,表明铋在牛形坝-柳木坑矿床中是一种重要的伴生矿化金属元素,呈独立矿物或呈微细矿物包体分布在早期硫化物内部或边缘。铋矿物种类丰富,主要包括块硫铋银矿、硫铋银矿、板硫铋铜铅矿、针硫铋铅矿、硫铜铋矿、库辉铋铜铅矿、辉碲铋矿等。与同一矿集区石英脉型盘古山钨铋矿床相比,两矿床铋矿物种类均出现Pb-Ag-Bi-S、Te-Bi-S元素组合,赋存形式和含量有所不同,Cu-Pb-Bi-S元素组合仅在牛形坝-柳木坑矿床出现。矿床属于Au-Bi-(低Te)-S体系,铋盐矿物形成于中低温、中高密度、低盐度的成矿环境。从岩浆中分馏出来的成矿流体发生减压沸腾迫使大量蒸汽相逸散,硫逸度增加,铋主要以硫络合物形式运移,随着黄铁矿等硫化物沉淀,硫被大量消耗形成金矿物和碲化物(碲银矿)。成矿流体演化过程中由于温度和硫逸度进一步降低导致在成矿后期沉淀出大量铋硫盐矿物。成矿过程中的Bi促进金的迁移富集。铋矿物在两矿床中的赋存特征、化学成分、形成环境以及沉淀机制等表现出差异,说明铋具有成矿选择性,起到对成矿物质示踪的作用。     

The Late Triassic I–Type Granites from the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Suture Zone in the interior of Tibetan Plateau, China: Petrogenesis and Implication for Slab Break–Off

The Jiangaidarina granitic mass(JM) is an important part of the magmatic belt in Longmu CoShuanghu Suture Zone(LSSZ) in the central Tibetan Plateau. An integrated research involving wholerock geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions was carried out to define the timing, genesis and tectonic setting of the JM. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages have been obtained ranging from 210 to 215 Ma, rather than the Early Jurassic as previously thought. Fifteen granite samples contain hornblendes and show a negative correlation between P_2 O_5 and SiO_2, indicating that the JM is an I-type granite. All the granites are enriched in LREE relative to HREE, with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.56-0.81), and have similar trace elements patterns, with depletion of Ba, Nb, Sr and P. These suggest that the JM was fractionated, and this is also proved by the characteristic of negative correlations between oxide elements(TiO_2, MgO, FeOt, MnO, CaO) and SiO_2. Almost all ε_(Hf)(t) values of the granites are between-10.3 and-5.8, implying that the JM has a crustal source intimately related with the South Qiangtang Block(SQB), except for one(+10.2), showing a minor contribution from mantle source.Moreover, relatively low Na_2 O/K_2 O ratios(0.42-0.93) and high A/CNK values(0.91-1.50) reflect that the JM was predominately derived from the medium-high potassium basaltic crust, interacted with greywacke. Our new geochemical data and geochronological results imply that the Late Triassic magmas were generated in a post-collisional tectonic setting, probably caused by slab break-off of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu Tethyan Ocean(LSTO). This mechanism caused the asthenosphere upwelling, formed extension setting, offered an enormous amount of heat, and provided favorable conditions for emplacement of voluminous felsic magmas. Furthermore, the LSTO could be completely closed during the Middle Triassic, succeed by continental collision and later the slab broke off in the Late Triassic.     

Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Burial Dating of the Uplift Rate of Southern Qinling Mountains since the Middle Pleistocene

正Objective The Qinling Mountains(QM)in Central China is a natural barrier that corresponds to the boundary between the southern and northern climate and environment(Gong Hujun et al.,2017).Northern QM is relatively steep,and southern QM is in contrast relatively low and gentle.Investigations have shown that the average uplift rate of     

Mixing of Enriched Lithospheric Mantle-Derived and Crustal Magmas: Evidence from the Habo Cenozoic Porphyry in Western Yunnan

New zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes from the Habo porphyry Western Yunnan, China, were determined to provide constraints on the timing of uplift of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The intrusive rocks consist of shoshonitic porphyry (syenite porphyry and monzonite porphyry). Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb dating indicates coeval emplacement ages of ~35 Ma. The porphyries have alkaline affinities, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) (e.g., Rb, Th, U, Pb), with depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Nb, Ti, Ta) and weak Eu anomalies. They display uniform Lu–Hf isotopic compositions with negative zircon εHf(t) values ranging from -3.9 to -0.6. The chemical characteristics of the syenite porphyries indicated that they most likely originated from the lower crust, with mantle-derived material involved in their generation. Geochemically, the monzonite porphyries are similar to the syenite porphyries; however, the lower MgO contents suggest that they were produced by different degrees of partial melting of the same lower crust source. Combined with the geochemical and isotopic data in this paper, imply that the alkali-rich porphyries of the Habo polymetallic deposit were derived from the partial melting of lower crust, enriched by mantle magma, formed in a conversion stage from stress extrusion (a strike-slip shear process) to local stress relaxation (a strike-slip pull-apart process) at the Ailaoshao tectonic zone.     

川南地区海相页岩气中发现微量硫化氢

正1研究目的(Objective)自2011年在四川南部地区下古生界海相地层中获得页岩气工业性突破以来,在四川盆地进行的海相页岩气开发得到多方的重视和迅速发展,随之而来的是人们对页岩气勘探开发过程中对环境影响的关注。页岩气,它以吸附或游离状态为主要方式赋存于富有机质泥页岩及其夹层中,是一种非常规天然气。与常规天然气相比,页岩气气质优良,甲烷含量更高。页岩气化学成分主要为甲烷(CH4),一般含量在85%以上,最高达到99.8%,另外还含有少量的乙烷(C2H6)、丙烷(C3H8)和丁烷(C4H10)。一般认为我国页岩气中可以存在少量氮     

软土区旋喷式插筋微型桩工艺试验研究

软土地质条件下建筑物的沉降变形和承载力要求越来越高,对基础施工工艺提出了较高要求。在高压旋喷施工工艺的基础上,提出旋喷式插筋微型桩施工工艺,开展了微型桩工艺试验研究,结果表明该工艺大幅提高了单桩桩基承载性能,为实际工程应用提供了技术数据支持。     

贵州省富锶（Sr）地下水赋存与分布规律探讨

本研究以地层岩石学、环境水文地质学理论为指导,在充分收集前人资料、典型区核查采样检测的基础上,开展了贵州省内富锶(Sr)地下水赋存与分布规律探讨。研究结果表明:富锶(Sr)地下水主要赋存在寒武系、三叠系白云岩以及侏罗系砂岩地层中,受地质构造控制,在平面上从黔西南、黔中、黔北呈条带状集中分布。研究成果揭示了贵州省内富锶(Sr)地下水的赋存条件和空间分布,对在贵州省内开展饮用天然矿泉水资源的勘查评价、规划管理和推动贵州省饮用水产业的发展具有一定的指意义。     

河北省张家口崇礼区北部地球化学特征及其找矿指示

地球化学测量成果被广泛而成熟地运用在矿产勘查工作中,为明确张家口崇礼区北部成矿、找矿的地球化学指示信息,对该区水系沉积物测量及异常查证成果进行了综合分析。通过计算元素富集系数和变异系数、开展R型聚类分析、统计化探异常区岩石的地质年代、对比该区化探异常及已知矿床与典型矿床的成矿要素,从而推断了该区找矿主攻元素为Ag、Pb、Zn、Mo、Cd,且Ag、Pb、Zn和Mo、W 2组元素分别具有共伴生关系,指出该区化探异常主要受燕山期岩浆热液控制。综合分析认为,本区找矿模型为蔡家营式次火山-热液型多金属矿床,具有寻找次火山-热液型Ag、Pb、Zn、Mo多金属矿床的潜力。     

重力方法在祁连山地区构造特征与岩体解释中的应用

依据地质、航磁等资料,结合实测岩石物性资料,以1∶250 000重力资料为基础对祁连山地区(张掖、刚察地区)进行综合研究。研究地质构造与地球物理特征,划分了大地构造单元,探讨了隐伏与半隐伏岩体分布。该区域经多年的重力工作,勘探面积已近3万多km²,根据重力资料研究布格重力场特征并进行分区; 对地质构造单元重新划分,对主要断裂进行探讨; 圈定隐伏与半隐伏岩体,推断其空间展布特征,并对其解释。结果表明: 祁连山地区地壳密度结构横向分区、纵向分层明显,布格重力异常场的分区特征与地质构造分区特征基本一致。结合2.5D重力剖面反演印证了新的推测结果,为综合地质、地球物理找矿提供参考。