Quantifying faulting and base level controls on syn‐rift sedimentation using stratigraphic architectures of coeval,adjacent Early‐Middle Pleistocene fan deltas in Lake Corinth,Greece

Quantification of allogenic controls in rift basin‐fills requires analysis of multiple depositional systems because of marked along‐strike changes in depositional architecture. Here, we compare two coeval Early‐Middle Pleistocene syn‐rift fan deltas that sit 6 km apart in the hangingwall of the Pirgaki‐Mamoussia Fault, along the southern margin of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. The Selinous fan delta is located near the fault tip and the Kerinitis fan delta towards the fault centre. Selinous and Kerinitis have comparable overall aggradational stacking patterns. Selinous comprises 15 cyclic stratal units (ca. 25 m thick), whereas at Kerinitis 11 (ca. 60 m thick) are present. Eight facies associations are identified. Fluvial and shallow water facies dominate the major stratal units in the topset region, with shelfal fine‐grained facies constituting ca. 2 m thick intervals between major topset units and thick conglomeratic foresets building down‐dip. It is possible to quantify delta build times (Selinous: 615 kyr; Kerinitis: >450 kyr) and average subsidence and equivalent sedimentation rates (Selinous: 0.65 m/kyr; Kerinitis: >1.77 m/kyr). The presence of sequence boundaries at Selinous, but their absence at Kerinitis, enables sensitivity analysis of the most uncertain variables using a numerical model, ‘Syn‐Strat’, supported by an independent unit thickness extrapolation method. Our study has three broad outcomes: (a) the first estimate of lake level change amplitude in Lake Corinth for the Early‐Middle Pleistocene (10–15 m), which can aid regional palaeoclimate studies and inform broader climate‐system models; (b) demonstration of two complementary methods to quantify faulting and base level signals in the stratigraphic record—forward modelling with Syn‐Strat and a unit thickness extrapolation—which can be applied to other rift basin‐fills; and (c) a quantitative approach to the analysis of stacking patterns and key surfaces that could be applied to stratigraphic pinch‐out assessment and cross‐hole correlations in reservoir analysis.     

准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造特征及其与砂岩型铀矿成矿作用初析

准噶尔盆地南缘盆山结合部中新生界沉积巨厚,新生代变形强烈,是研究新盆山耦合的理想场所,也是我国砂岩型铀矿找矿的远景区段。本文在综合前人资料和野外观测分析基础上,根据新生代构造活动特征,将准噶尔盆地南缘划分为博格达山前和西部断褶带两个构造分区,博格达山前以强烈的逆冲推覆为特征,发育多条活动的逆冲推覆断裂; 乌鲁木齐以西至乌苏南的西部断褶带则发育三-四排的褶皱-逆冲断裂构造带。对采自博格达山前逆冲推覆断裂带内的方解石和断层泥,利用电子自旋共振测年手段,推测博格达山前的富康-吉木萨尔断裂带和北三台断裂带分别在0.7~1Ma和0.25Ma期间,经历了一期重要的逆冲推覆作用。结合盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿的展布规律及其成矿条件的分析,探讨了新生代构造运动对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制作用,认为西部断褶带的第一排构造带具有较好的成矿前景,而博格达山前由于新生代构造活动强烈而相对成矿不利,为此提出了准噶尔盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿成矿“构造优先权”的构造控矿模式,进而指出了区域找矿的优选区段。     

Teleprogramming for subsea teleoperation using acousticcommunication

This paper considers the performance of subsea intervention tasks from an unmanned untethered submersible while using acoustic communications. It is argued that the low bandwidth and high delay imposed by acoustic modems makes it unwise to adopt conventional teleoperation techniques and a system is presented which permits subsea teleoperative tasks to be carried out using such limited communication resources. The described implementation employs active techniques to assist the operator both in performing actions and in recovering from those problems which will inevitably occur during real-world interaction. It provides the operator with both simulated and real visual imagery and is designed to adapt dynamically to changing bandwidth and computational resources. Experiments are described in which an operator in Philadelphia, PA, controlled a robot manipulator mounted on the JASON underwater vehicle submerged off the Massachusetts coast. All communication over this 500-km distance was via a combination of Internet and a simulated acoustic link. Analysis of the bandwidth requirements showed them to be consistent with those from acoustic subsea networks     

广东东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组凝灰质沉积物的元素地球化学特征及构造背景

东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组为富含凝灰质的湖泊沉积。对样品进行全岩分析和ICP-MS微量元素分析,并计算Sr/Ba、B/Ga和Ca/Mg比值,其比值变化与古盐度变化成正相关,特征显示塘厦组为咸水湖泊沉积,由下至上古盐度逐渐降低,水体深度也逐渐变浅。对样品进行ICP-MS稀土元素分析,计算各样品δCe值和(La/Yb)_N比值,δCe值介于0.83 ~ 1.31之间,(La/Yb)_N值均明显大于1或小于1,其特征反映湖泊沉积物沉积速率较低,只在塘厦组底部和上部出现相对高的沉积。元素P和Sr/Cu值反映其富集与迁移,受到气候的控制。元素P平均值在0.205×10^-2; Sr/Cu平均值大于4.0×10^-6,在中晚期出现最低值1.42×10^-6,这是塘厦组以干热气候为主,中晚期出现了短暂温湿气候所造成的。塘厦组为干热气候下缓慢沉积的咸水湖泊沉积。Zr-Th、La-Th-Sc判别图解、稀土元素特征及区域构造分析,显示中侏罗世东莞地区构造背景为活动大陆边缘的弧后盆地。受伸展作用影响,本区发育弧后裂谷型湖盆。泥岩La/Yb-∑REE源岩判别图解显示,源岩为玄武岩、花岗岩和沉积岩。     

CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体岩相学及岩石地球化学特征:以新疆北部为例

铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床是镁铁-超镁铁杂岩重要的矿床类型,但二者共生的情况在国内还不多见。新疆北部这类铜镍-钒钛铁复合型矿化岩体较为发育,目前已发现有香山、牛毛泉、土墩南和哈拉达拉等4个岩体属于此类。它们的成岩时代多集中在早二叠世,出露面积在2.8～22km~2,介于通道型铜镍矿化小岩体和大型层状岩体之间,韵律构造发育;岩石组合为超基性-基性-中性岩类,以出现浅色的闪长岩或淡色辉长岩为特点,岩石中金属矿物氧化物(钛铁矿、磁铁矿)和硫化物(黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿,有时有镍黄铁矿)共存和共生;含矿岩石组合和岩石化学特征与典型铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床相比,具有重叠和过渡特征;稀土和微量元素特征反映出杂岩体不同岩石类型可能具有相同或相似岩浆来源,是经过强烈分异和演化的产物。新疆北部这类复合型矿化,与北疆地区典型铜镍矿床和典型钒钛磁铁矿矿床,共同构成了新疆北部后碰撞幔源岩浆矿床成矿谱系。     

中国东南部晚中生代构造伸展作用——来自海南岛基性岩墙群的证据

论文在系统地分析了海南岛文市、叉河、三亚地区的三处基性岩墙群的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征的基础上,探讨了岩墙群的来源和其反映的地球动力学背景。文市岩墙群形成于约101Ma,叉河和三亚岩墙群形成于约93Ma;主量元素化学特征显示它们属碱性系列,微量元素化学特征为富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti);Sr-Nd同位素组分显示其源区具有EMⅡ特征。这两期岩墙群的存在,显示了海南岛地区在早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期存在两次构造伸展事件。海南岛90Ma左右的岩墙群与广东、福建同时代的岩墙群构成中国东南沿海90Ma广泛发育的、呈近北北东向展布的岩墙群带,它们具有相同成因机制,指示中国东南部在90Ma左右时经历了强烈区域性拉张作用;这些岩墙群虽来源于不同的地幔源区,但均与俯冲流体交代作用有关。     

CHANGES IN DEPOSITION ON A COLLUVIAL FAN DURING THE UPPER HOLOCENE IN THE TINDASTÓLL MOUNTAIN, SKAGAFJÖRÐUR DISTRICT, NORTH ICELAND: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

This study investigates variability in depositional processes and landforms on the Innstaland colluvial fan, northern Iceland, over the late Holocene. This is completed using geomorphological mapping, historical records and relative‐age dating tools (vegetation survey, rock hardness and tephrochronology). Debris flows are the main contributors to fan development. Six main phases of deposition are distinguished, varying in deposit magnitude along a general trend of decreasing magnitude over time. With the help of dated tephra layers, the aggradation rates of the fan are calculated for the upper Holocene and in particular over the historical period (post‐ AD 1104). An episodic sediment transfer system is reconstructed, with several phases of low activity between more rapid aggradational episodes. The interpretation of the colluvial deposits suggests that the main phase of aggradation on the fan ended during the historical period after which incision started (between AD 1300 and 1766). Incision tracks act as the main pathways for debris distribution at the present time. These variations are related to the changing response of the catchment system over time.     

Supervisory control system for the JASON ROV

A prototype supervisory control system for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is described and several key elements demonstrated in simulation and in-water tests. This system is specifically designed to fill the needs of JASON, a new ROV under development that will perform scientific tasks on the seafloor to depths of 6000 m. JASON will operate from the ARGO towed imaging platform, which is currently operational. Supervisory control is a paradigm for combined human and computer control. Several key elements of the supervisory control system are presented. These include the closed-loop positioning system based on a high-resolution acoustic navigation system, a monitoring capability for assessing performance and detecting undesirable changes, and an interface that allows the human operator and the computer system to specify the desired vehicle trajectory jointly.