人工湿地系统对泉河水质净化处理的实践应用

泉河是山东省济宁市汶上县一条重要的河流,工业点源、农业面源污染使得泉河污染,水质超标。为净化水质,建设了泉河河道走廊人工湿地工程,总长度23km,规模319.7hm2,总投资5170万元。主要采用河道滞留塘+表面流人工湿地组合工艺,处理汶上县污水处理厂外排水、沿河周边农村生活污水及农田退水,污水处理规模2.0万m3/d。工程2010年10月开工,2011年6月建成并正常运行。通过1a多的运行结果表明,该人工湿地工程具有较高的污染负荷去除率,实现了河道的生态修复和沿河生态环境治理,泉河生态环境得到了明显改善。     

三江平原毛苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地水体中可溶性铁的分布特征

2006年5月至10月期间,对三江平原典型的毛苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)沼泽和小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)沼泽化草甸湿地表层积水中可溶性铁(Fe2 ,Fe3 )含量进行了现场采样和测试分析,同步测定了水体氧化还原电位(Eh)、电导率(EC)、pH值等指标。结果表明,除8月份的几次观测外,生长季内小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地水体中可溶性铁含量明显高于毛苔草沼泽湿地;两种湿地水体中可溶性铁存在的主要形态为Fe3 ,且Fe2 与Fe3 含量之间呈显著正相关;受水温和降水的影响,湿地水体中可溶性铁含量具有明显的季节性差异,其中小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地水体中的可溶性铁含量呈单峰型季节变化,而其在毛苔草沼泽湿地水体中呈双峰型季节变化。统计分析表明,Fe2 含量与水体的Eh值具有负相关关系,Fe3 含量与水体的Eh值的相关性较小,而且其含量并未随着还原性Fe2 的增加而减少;pH值对沼泽湿地水体中铁的形态分布无显著影响;Fe2 含量与EC值相关性显著。     

生态塘-人工生态岛技术在修复南四湖湖滨带湿地中的应用

南四湖湖区内造田圩田、挖池养鱼等破坏湿地行为比较突出,导致该湖滨带出现水位变化幅度大、生境恶化、水体富营养化等问题。为改善湖滨带生态环境,在客观评估湖滨带生态环境本底和现状诊断的基础上,应用生态塘-人工生态岛技术在南四湖湖西湖滨带开展湿地修复,取得了显著的生态修复效果。     

盐度及pH对黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

比较了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45)及pH条件(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5)下黄鳍东方鲀受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期和孵化率,同时对黄鳍东方鲀初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数SAI值。结果表明,黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是5.0~40.0,适宜pH范围是6.0~8.5;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为5.0~45.0,适宜pH值是5.5~9.0。     

湛江市东海岛一次强雷暴天气过程分析

利用广东省闪电探测系统资料、卫星云图资料、探空资料及雷击点附近的风廓线雷达、多要素自动站等资料,对发生在湛江市东海岛气象综合探测基地内的一次强雷暴天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明：该次强雷暴天气发生在受高空槽和弱冷空气共同影响的天气过程中,雷击电流强度一54．46366kA,雷电流上升陡度28．66508kA／μs。雷击点在低涡云团内,雷击点雷达回波强度超过45dBZ,风向从底层向上随时间顺转,雷击发生前后雷击点附近的降雨量、风向风速、本站气压和能见度等气象要素产生了明显的突变。发生雷击的当日是处在大气层结由不稳定转变为稳定的过渡时段,弱冷空气、强降水和雷暴的共同作用消耗了大气中的能量和水汽,使大气层结回复到相对稳定状态。     

利用电磁方法探测内蒙古塔木素高放废物预选场址岩体的内部构造

高放废物地质处置库选址要求围岩完整稳定,它与岩体深部地质结构密切相关,因此是场址评价中必须考虑的因素.在高放废物储库选址新区内蒙阿拉善塔木素岩体,采用可控源音频大地电磁法进行了剖面探测.分析了典型测深曲线,区分了地质构造和完整围岩的响应特征;针对高放废物预选场址的特点,对原始数据进行了处理;结合已有地质、钻井及测井资料完成了解释;结果表明,利用可控源音频大地电磁法有效地查明了该地岩体内部结构,该岩体存在裂隙和破碎,完整性欠佳.     

工业废渣加固土强度特性

工业废渣的资源化是解决工业废渣环境污染的有效途径之一。以粉煤灰和高炉矿渣为固化剂,石灰为碱性激发剂,对黏土进行加固。通过室内试验的方法,分析固化剂掺入量、养护龄期等对固化土无侧限抗压强度、pH值和饱和度等发展规律的影响。试验结果表明,固化土的无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺入量的增加而增大,随养护龄期的增加而增大,提出一个综合反映固化剂掺入量、养护龄期和压实度等因素对固化土强度影响规律的综合影响因子,固化土强度与综合影响因子呈负指数函数关系;粉煤灰+石灰和高炉矿渣+石灰可有效改良土体无侧限抗压强度特性;石灰是一种有效的碱性激发剂,可提供工业废渣发生火山灰反应的高碱性环境。试验成果为工业废渣改良不良土质的设计提供试验依据。     

井下地震计方位角检测技术应用研究

本文利用波形相关分析法对井下地震计方位角检测精度及一致性进行分析研究.研究中在地表布设地震计进行不同距离、不同频带多套地震计方位角检测对比测试,并在四川泸州、宁夏灵武、陶乐、河南安阳、清丰、陕西定边等6个分别安装井下甚宽频带、宽频带、短周期地震计的台站,进行地表同台址不同频带多套地震计与井下地震计方位角检测及一致性对比测试.根据全球噪声模型1~10s之间存在明显的噪声峰值的特点,对测试数据进行0.2~0.3Hz带通滤波和仿真处理,通过分析得出,对于不同地震计组合,测试地震计方位角检测结果一致性较好,根据地表不同距离、不同频带地震计组合的检测精度和地脉动记录的特点,认为井下地震计方位角检测精度优于4°.     

Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

The dietary protein requirement of juvenile turbot(initial average weight, 38.2 g ± 0.1 g) reared indoor in aerated aquaria was determined in this study. Five energy equal experimental diets were formulated with fish meal as protein source, which contained different concentrations of protein(47.2%, 51.0%, 54.6%, 59.3% and 63.6% of dry diet). Three groups of fish with 18 individuals in each, were cultured in 300-L tanks and fed twice a day for 8 weeks. During culture, temperature was controlled between 15.0 and 18.0℃, salinity was controlled between 28.5 and 32.0, acidity was controlled between p H7.8 and p H8.5, and ammonia nitrogen was maintained below 0.03 mg L-1 and dissolved oxygen was maintained about 7 mg L-1. Results showed that the growth of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein content(P 0.05). Specific growth rate(SGR) of turbot increased when dietary protein content varied between 47.2% and 51.0%(P 0.05), and then kept stable when dietary protein content was higher than 51.0%. Fish which were fed the diet containing 63.6% protein showed the highest SGR while those fed the diet containing 59.3% protein showed the highest feed efficiency rate. No significant difference of feed intake and protein efficiency ratio was found among experimental diets(P 0.05). Broken-line regression analysis of SGR showed that the optimal dietary protein requirement of turbot was about 57.0%.     

Proline with or without Hydroxyproline Influences Collagen Concentration and Regulates Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase α(I) Gene Expression in Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary proline(Pro), and Pro and hydroxyproline(Hyp) in combination on the growth performance, total Hyp and collagen concentrations of tissues, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase α(I)(P4H α(I)) gene expression in juvenile turbot feeding high plant protein diets. A diet containing 50% crude protein and 12% crude lipid was formulated as the basal and control, on which other two protein and lipid contents identical experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal with either 0.75% Pro(Pro-0.75) or 0.75% Pro and 0.75% Hyp(Pro+Hyp). Four groups of fish in indoor seawater recirculating systems, 35 individuals each, were fed twice a day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The results showed that dietary Pro and Hyp supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot(P 0.05). Total Hyp and collagen concentrations in muscle were significantly increased when dietary Pro and Hyp increased(P 0.05), and fish fed diet Pro+Hyp showed significantly higher free Hyp content in plasma than those fed other diets(P 0.05). The expression of P4 H α(I) gene in liver and muscle was significantly up regulated in fish fed diet Pro-0.75 in comparison with control(P 0.05); however the gene was significantly down regulated in fish fed diet Pro+Hyp in muscle in comparison with fish fed diet Pro-0.75(P 0.05). It can be concluded that supplement of crystal L-Pro and L-Hyp to high plant protein diets did not show positive effects on growth performance of juvenile turbot, but enhanced total collagen concentrations in muscle.