柴达木盆地西部油气藏的破坏类型与机理

油气藏破坏是一种普遍的自然现象,地质历史时期任何类型的油气聚集都是短暂的动态变化史体,均随着时间的推移,在某些地质因素的影响下遭到破坏。根据构造演化史和成藏史研究,柴达木盆地西部上新世-第四纪是原生油气藏的破坏和次生油气藏的形成时期。野外地质考察发现油气藏破坏的地面显示类型多样,主要有：油砂、固体沥青和石蜡以及泥火山或油墩子。对油气藏的破坏因素分析表明：柴西油气藏破坏类型主要有断裂活动破坏、油藏抬升剥蚀破坏和异常高压作用破坏3种类型,而且油气藏破坏往往是断裂活动和汕藏抬升综合作用的结果。该研究对当地的油气勘探具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

近50年气候变化对滦河上游径流的影响

为了解近50年滦河上游气温和降水气候的变化特征、趋势及其对该流域径流量的影响,利用1956-2009年滦河上游的实测气温、降水量和径流深资料,分析了该流域气温、降水和径流深的年均和季度变化的时间序列,并建立了该流域气候变化对径流影响的复相关回归模型。结果表明,年径流深随着年降水量的减少而减少,随着年平均气温的升高而减少;春、夏和秋季的径流深随着同期降水量和气温的变化趋势与年际变化趋势基本一致,但冬季径流深则相反,而且其变化幅度非常小。     

太平洋水下海山磷酸盐的成因及形成环境

笔者首次对太平洋与大洋富钴结壳密切相关的海山磷酸盐的成因及形成环境进行了比较深入的研究.研究发现,各种产出形态的磷酸盐都不同程度地交代碳酸盐等含钙物质,而呈现出交代生物结构、交代凝灰结构、交代角砾状结构及交代填间结构等各种交代结构,反映了磷酸盐的交代成因. 此外,其δ13C值(变化于0.7‰~2.0‰之间)也证实其属于交代成因.磷酸盐中Na、Mg、Sr、F、P2O5含量以及Na/P2O5、Mg/P2O5、Sr/P2O5、F/P2O5的比值,特别是晶格中结构CO2的含量(变化于5.7%~6.2%之间),与形成于氧化环境下的Blake plateau、Chatham Rise、Agulhas Bank等处的磷酸盐相近,表明调查区磷酸盐亦形成于氧化环境.氧同位素测定结果表明,磷酸盐的形成温度为5.8~14.8 ℃,平均为11.5 ℃,显示其形成于正常的海水温度环境.西、中太平洋海山磷酸盐形成环境十分接近的事实暗示,西、中太平洋广大区域内的成磷事件存在着时间上和成因上的统一性和相似性.     

低频扩频中伪随机序列产生方法的研究

伪随机序列的产生是实现BPC低频时码发播台扩展频谱技术升级的一个重要环节。针对BPC低频时码发播台的现有系统，提出了伪随机序列的产生方案，并对其性能作了分析。     

基于信息化时代的遥感数据存档路径研究

信息化时代的发展,新技术革命正逐步改变着传统工业化的发展格局,遥感数据在土地覆盖监测、森林覆盖监测、草地覆盖监测以及湿地资源监测等方面具有不可忽视的重要作用.信息时代,实现遥感数据存档、共享、资源开发利用是当前考虑的重点问题.本文主要阐述信息时代遥感数据存档的必要性,分析当前遥感数据存档面临的主要问题,并提出适应社会生...     

用压缩质面法反演重力资料以估算地壳构造

本文用压缩质面来近似二维地质体。先由地面上测得的重力数据用矩阵方法反演此压缩质面各单元的面密度,然后从面密度与体密度差的关系求得各二维质体单元的厚度,进而得到各单元的近似地壳厚度。经正演校验和反复调整结果,使计算的重力异常值与实际测量值之残差小到满足要求,从而得到较准确的地壳底部界面。 由上地幔,玄武岩层和花岗岩层的密度差异及已算出的地壳厚度,从重力异常中分解出莫霍界面和康腊界面起伏所分别引起的重力异常。将后者同样用反演地壳厚度的压缩质面法进行计算,得到康腊界面。 文中以三种假想的地壳模型和一个实测剖面为例来检验本方法,并用其他确定地壳界面方法所得到的结果相比较,表明本文提出的压缩质面法结果较好。     

一种图像自动拼接方法的研究

以关键帧作为待拼接图像,为了减少图像间的扭曲和变形,保证图像整体关系的正确性,减少误差的累积传播,得到最佳的拼接结果,本文采用三种技术来提高图像自动拼接的精度。首先,通过摄像机标定实现关键帧的矫正;其次,采用基于Harris和SURF算法完成特征点的匹配;最后,在特征匹配的基础上进行光束法平差得到高精度的图像参数。实验结果表明,此方法稳定可靠,拼接精度高。     

地质图切剖面中褶皱构造的计算机辅助编绘

计算机对褶皱的处理能力的强弱，是决定地质图切剖面计算机辅助编绘系统实用价值大小的一个重要指标。以兰姆赛分类方案为基础，通过褶皱形态的几何特征分析，提出一种针对简单背，向斜构造的计算机辅助设计算法，并编写出相应的褶皱剖面形态的模拟程序，利用各种不同形态的褶皱实例进行试验。证明该种算法正确可靠，将其嵌入作先前开发的地质图切剖面编绘程序中，可大大提高地质图切剖面编绘的自动化水平。     

Origin of a metamorphosed lithic clast in CM chondrite Grove Mountains 021536

Abstract– A metamorphosed lithic clast was discovered in the CM chondrite Grove Mountains 021536, which was collected in the Antarctica by the Chinese Antarctic Research Exploration team. The lithic clast is composed mainly of Fe‐rich olivine (Fo₆₂) with minor diopside (Fs_9.7–11.1Wo_48.3–51.6), plagioclase (An_43–46.5), nepheline, merrillite, Al‐rich chromite (21.8 wt% Al₂O₃; 4.43 wt% TiO₂), and pentlandite. Δ¹⁷O values of olivine in the lithic clast vary from ?3.9‰ to ?0.8‰. Mineral compositions and oxygen isotopic compositions of olivine suggest that the lithic clast has an exotic source different from the CM chondrite parent body. The clast could be derived from strong thermal metamorphism of pre‐existing chondrule that has experienced low‐temperature anhydrous alteration. The lithic clast is similar in mineral assemblage and chemistry to a few clasts observed in oxidized CV3 chondrites (Mokoia and Yamato‐86009) and might have been derived from the interior of the primitive CV asteroid. The apparent lack of hydration in the lithic clast indicates that the clast accreted into the CM chondrite after hydration of the CM components.     

ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOUR URBAN UNDERLYING SURFACES AND FITTING ANALYSIS

Based on the observed 2-year temperature data for four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces, including asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land, the annual variations and influencing factors of land surface temperature are analyzed. Then fitting equations for surface temperature are established. It is shown that the annual variation of daily average, maximum and minimum temperature and daily temperature range on the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change in air temperature. The difference of temperature on different underlying surfaces in the summer half year (May to October) is much more evident than that in the winter half year (December to the following April). The daily average and maximum temperatures of asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the atmospheric heating in the daytime, with that of asphalt being the highest, followed in turn by cement, bare land and grass land. Moreover, the daily average, maximum and minimum temperature on the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly impacted by total cloud amount, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours. The land surface can be cooled (warmed) by increased total cloud amount (relative humidity). The changes in temperature on bare land and grass land are influenced by both the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity. The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with daily average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount, respectively. The analysis also indicates that the range of fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the surface temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the air temperature is from 0.809 to 0.971, passing the F-test with a confidence level of 0.99.