Compositions and Pressure–Temperature Conditions of Metamorphic Fluids Overprinting the Talate VMS Pb–Zn Deposit, Southern Altay, China

The Talate Pb-Zn deposit,located in the east of the NW-SE extending Devonian Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin of the southern Altaides,occurs in the metamorphic rock series of the upper second lithological section of the lower Devonian lower Kangbutiebao Formation(D_1k_1~2).The Pb-Zn orebodies are stratiform and overprinted by late sulfide—quartz veins.Two distinct mineralization periods were identified:a submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation period and a metamorphic hydrothermal mineralization period.The metamorphic overprinting period can be further divided into two stages:an early stage characterized by bedding-parallel lentoid quartz veins developed in the chlorite schist and leptite of the ore-bearing horizon,and a late stage represented by pyritechalcopyrite-quartz veins crosscutting chlorite schist and leptite or the massive Pb-Zn ores.Fluid inclusions in the early metamorphic quartz veins are mainly CO_2-H_2O-NaCI and carbonic(CO_2±CH_4±N_2) inclusions with minor aqueous inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 294-368℃,T_(m,CO2) of-62.6 to-60.5℃,T_(h,CO2) of 7.7 to 29.6℃(homogenized into liquid),and salinities of 5.5-7.4 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,CO2)of-60.1 to-58.5℃,and T_(h,Co2) of-4.2 to 20.6℃.Fluid inclusions in late sulfide quartz veins are also dominated by CO_2-H_2O-NaCl and CO_2±CH_4 inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have T_(b,tot) of142 to 360℃,T_(m,CO2)of-66.0 to-56.6℃,T_(h,CO2) of-6.0 to 29.4℃(homogenized into liquid) and salinities of 2.4-16.5 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,Co2)of-61.5 to-57.3℃,and T_(h,CO2) of-27.0to 28.7℃.The aqueous inclusions(L-V) have T_(m,ice) of-9.8 to-1.3℃ and T_(h,tot) of 205 to 412℃.The P-T trapping conditions of CO_2-rich fluid inclusions(100-370 MPa,250-368℃) are comparable with the late- to post-regional metamorphism conditions.The CO_2-rich fluids,possibly derived from regional metamorphism,were involved in the reworking and metal enrichment of the primary ores.Based on these results,the Talate Pb-Zn deposit is classified as a VMS deposit modified by metamorphic fluids.The massive Pb-Zn ores with banded and breccia structures were developed in the early period of submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation associated with an extensional subduction-related back-arc basin,and the quartz veins bearing polymetallic sulfides were formed in the late period of metamorphic hydrothermal superimposition related to the Permian-Triassic continental collision.     

Unlocking Key Factors of Shale Play Sweet Spotting Appraisal - Field Case Studies From China and North America

<正>This study proposes the controlling factors of shale play sweet spotting under different maturation stages and various hydrocarbon composition in China and North America,including some typical examples with best practices,such as the Silurian Longmaxi shale gas in Sichuan Basin in Southwestern China,the Triassic Yanchang liquid-rich oil in Ordos Basin in North-central     

Improved Geometric Model of Extensional Fault–bend Folding

Extensional fault–bend folds, also called rollovers, are one of the most common structures in extensional settings. Numerous studies have shown that oblique simple shear is the most appropriate mechanism for quantitative modeling of geometric relations between normal faults and the strata in their hanging walls. However, the oblique simple shear has a rather serious issue derived from the shear direction, particularly above convex bends. We use geometric and experimental methods to study the deformation of extensional fault–bend folds on convex bends. The results indicate that whether the fault bends are concave or convex, the shear direction of the hanging wall dips toward the main fault. On this basis, we improve the previous geometric model by changing the shear direction above the convex bends. To illustrate basin history, our model highlights the importance of the outer limit of folding instead of the growth axial. Moreover, we propose a new expression for the expansion index that is applicable to the condition of no deposition on the footwall. This model is validated by modeling a natural structure of the East China Sea Basin.     

成矿流体动力学与大地构造环境的关系(英文)

热液矿床的形成需要大量流体,而流体的运移需要包括地势差、岩石变形、热梯度及热异常等多种驱动力。这些流体驱动力与构造环境及过程有密切关系。流体压力状态和热场及地势差的组合决定了压性构造环境流体以向上运动为主,如造山型成矿系统,而张性构造环境流体以对流为主,如VMS和SEDEX成矿系统。造山作用造成的地势差及水平挤压作用所产生的超压可以驱动流体侧向迁移数百公里,如MVT成矿系统。但是,具体的成矿流体动力学过程比较复杂,且随构造演化而变化。在经历过多个大地构造演化阶段的地区,如地洼区,老的成矿流体动力系统不断被新的系统叠加或取代;新的构造单元需要来自地幔的流体源补充才有利于成矿。成矿学研究的是成矿作用与大地构造的关系,而流体动力学系统与大地构造环境密切相关,因此,成矿流体动力学应成为成矿学的一个重要组成部分。     

九华山国家地质公园晶洞花岗岩的发现及意义

九华山地质公园内首次发现了晶洞花岗岩。晶洞多呈圆球状,大小不一,常呈串珠状发育,其内大都发育完整的水晶。九华山晶洞花岗岩的发现有助于更好地理解区内中生代构造岩浆活动及演化过程,并为地质公园提供了更为丰富的地质旅游资源。     

钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床成矿系列

钦-杭成矿带是华南地区最重要的Cu-Pb-Zn-Au、W-Sn-Bi-Mo和Fe-Mn-S多金属成矿带。在前人工作基础上,根据矿床的成因组合、形成构造环境及其随地质历史演化的特点,将钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床归纳为中新元古代海底喷流沉积型铜多金属矿床、新元古代海相沉积-变质型铁锰矿床、古生代海相沉积-叠生改造型铜铅锌铁锰矿床、加里东期与花岗岩类有关的钨钼金银多金属矿床、印支期与花岗岩类有关的钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床、燕山期与花岗岩类有关的铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床、与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床等7个矿床成矿系列。进而讨论了各成矿系列的主要矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,初步认为,中新元古代海底喷流沉积型块状硫化物铜多金属矿床与大陆边缘岛弧火山作用有关,主要分布于扬子陆块东南缘和华夏陆块西北缘古岛弧褶皱区;新元古代受变质铁锰矿床与大陆裂谷火山作用有关,并经受了后期区域变质、热变质作用的改造,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;古生代层控型铜铅锌铁锰矿床与海底热水沉积成矿作用有关,且不同程度地受到后期岩浆-热液活动的叠加改造,主要分布于海西—印支期坳陷区与隆起区的过渡部位;加里东期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨钼金银多金属矿床与奥陶纪末—志留纪陆内造山作用有关,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;印支期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床与印支板块向华南板块的俯冲碰撞有关,成矿作用发生在后碰撞伸展阶段,主要分布于海西—印支期隆起区边缘;燕山期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床与岩石圈伸展引起的玄武岩底侵作用有关,广泛分布于海西—印支期拗陷区或中生代盆地边缘;与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床成矿系列,与印支—燕山期大规模的逆冲推覆作用有关,主要发育于钦-杭结合带两侧古陆边缘。     

不同尺度地质构造和工程建设的相互作用

地质构造对工程的稳定性起控制性作用,工程建设对地质环境起改造作用。根据规模大小,将地质构造和工程建设划分为小、中、大、巨四个尺度。结合典型的工程实例,分析不同尺度的地质构造和工程建设的相互作用,获得相应的相互作用等级表。     

内蒙古突泉盆地突参1井原油地球化学特征与油源分析

在内蒙古突泉盆地牤牛海坳陷南部突参1井的1684.5~1698.2m深度段侏罗系万宝组发现轻质原油,揭示了该区较好的油气勘探新领域。对该井原油和主要烃源岩分子地球化学特征、族组分稳定C同位素等进行了分析认为,该原油为轻质高蜡原油,C31升藿烷、C29甾烷异构化等成熟度参数显示该原油为成熟原油。正构烷烃呈单峰前峰型,姥鲛烷较植烷占绝对优势(Pr/Ph2.5),C29规则甾烷含量远高于C27甾烷,伽马蜡烷含量低,表明该原油生烃母质形成于以陆源高等植物为主的偏氧化沉积环境,原油来自该区侏罗系万宝组煤系泥岩。     

基于GIS的马尾马江片区公共厕所布局分析与优化

公共服务配套设施的合理布局和质量提升是新型城镇化的内涵之一,将GIS技术应用于规划领域可使规划成果具更理性与可实施性。以福州市马尾区马江片区为例,基于出行人群密度、区域繁华程度、公共厕所服务半径三者间的对应关系,对马江片区公共厕所的空间布局进行分析,认为该片区现状公共厕所存在数量与质量上的双重不足。针对存在的不足,提出优化算法与优化布局方案,并基于GIS技术实现可视化模拟。优化后的公共厕所共有53座,较现状的27座增加26座,符合《城市公共厕所设计标准》规定;公共厕所服务区覆盖片区总面积的91.5%,较现状的38.8%增加52.7%,满足城市规划与未来发展的需求。     

海岸线及其测绘技术探讨

海岸线是人类所使用的最古老的边界线之一,然而,由于其动态特征,加之当今社会对海岸带的需求越来越多,这条边界线的位置存在争议,因而,如何使用客观手段测绘海岸线尤为重要。文中针对海岸线定义及其位置确定不明确的现状,指出海岸线定义存在的问题,给出完善定义的意见;分析海岸线常规的测绘方法,探讨海岸线精确测绘的新方法和技术。