Long-term Stability and Oceanic Mean State Simulated by the Coupled Model FGOALS-s2

We describe the long-term stability and mean climatology of oceanic circulations simulated by version 2 of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model(FGOALS-s2).Driven by pre-industrial forcing,the integration of FGOALS-s2 was found to have remained stable,with no obvious climate drift over 600 model years.The linear trends of sea SST and sea surface salinity(SSS) were 0.04°C(100yr)-1 and 0.01 psu(100yr)-1,respectively.The simulations of oceanic temperatures,wind-driven circulation and thermohaline circulation in FGOALS-s2 were found to be comparable with observations,and have been substantially improved over previous FGOALS-s versions(1.0 and 1.1).However,significant SST biases(exceeding 3°C) were found around strong western boundary currents,in the East China Sea,the Sea of Japan and the Barents Sea.Along the eastern coasts in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean,a warm bias(>3°C) was mainly due to overestimation of net surface shortwave radiation and weak oceanic upwelling.The difference of SST biases in the North Atlantic and Pacific was partly due to the errors of meridional heat transport.For SSS,biases exceeding 1.5 psu were located in the Arctic Ocean and around the Gulf Stream.In the tropics,freshwater biases dominated and were mainly caused by the excess of precipitation.Regarding the vertical dimension,the maximal biases of temperature and salinity were located north of 65°N at depths of greater than 600 m,and their values exceeded 4°C and 2 psu,respectively.     

大跨暗涵衬砌混凝土温度数值分析与裂缝控制

以南水北调中线石京段古运河枢纽工程暗涵段为工程背景,采用理论分析和数值计算,提出了南水北调暗涵衬砌结构施工过程中钢筋混凝土内部温降的控制标准,即按最不利部位考虑,30 d内混凝土内部温降不应超过26.7 ℃,为选取合理的温控措施提供了依据。以衬砌内部温度场数值分析为理论依据,结合下穿段暗涵的地形条件、结构特点,并考虑工程气候特点,优化混凝土配比、降低水泥用量、掺入适量粉煤灰以及采用遮阳棚和地垄等工程措施,有效控制了混凝土结构的内部温度变化,成功解决了大体积混凝土施工温度裂缝问题,保证了结构工程的施工质量。理论计算与现场量测相结合,结果表明,实测值与计算值规律基本一致,说明计算模型和计算参数选取的合理性和计算结果的正确性,可为后续类似工程提供参考。     

隧道与临近地面结构动力相互作用规律数值模拟

通过建立不同场地条件下隧道-土-上部结构相互作用的模型,研究有、无上部结构存在、场地条件和地震波频谱特性对隧道-土-上部结构体系地震响应的影响.计算结果表明:(1)对于隧道等地下结构,其地震响应主要受场地条件影响,不同场地条件隧道动内力值相差巨大,设计时应引起足够重视,相比之下有、无邻近上部结构对其影响较小;(2)S波...     

基于"双评价"的哈尔滨市国土空间开发利用现状研究

"双评价"作为国土空间规划编制的基础性工作,明确了农业生产和城镇建设最大规模及适宜性空间.本文基于哈尔滨市"双评价"国土空间开发适宜性评价结果,运用ArcGIS软件中空间叠加分析方法对哈尔滨市国土空间开发利用现状和冲突空间分布情况进行分析;结合承载规模评价结果和国土空间开发利用现状,对哈尔滨市农业生产和城镇建设超载规模进行分级;针对国土空间开发利用突出问题和风险,分析国土空间布局优化的路径及具体措施.     

Influence of Headland Breakwaters on Morphological Processes at Longfengtou Beach in Haitan Bay,Facing the Taiwan Strait

Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion.     

青岛市黄岛区潮河水源地地下水数值模拟

在分析研究青岛市黄岛区潮河流域水文地质条件基础上,建立了水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模拟模型,利用地下水水位动态监测资料对模型进行了识别,并预测了三枯一丰一平条件下地下水最大开采量以及水位、降深分布情况。结果表明,模型验证拟合结果较好,地下水最大开采量为2.4万m3/d,地下水开采不会引起地面沉降、海水入侵等问题。     

De-eutrophication of effluent wastewater from fish aquaculture by using marine green alga Ulva pertusa

The de-eutrophication abilities and characteristics of Ulva pertusa, a marine green alga, were investigated in Qingdao Yihai Hatchery Center from spring to summer in 2005 by analyzing the dynamic changes in NH+4, NOˉ3, NO2ˉ as well as the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The results show that the effluent wastewater produced by fish aquaculture had typical eutrophication levels with an average of 34.3 μmol L-1 DIN. This level far exceeded the level IV quality of the national seawater standard and c...     

丰都鬼神文化旅游衰落的反思

通过实地调研、观察、访谈及问卷调查,获取大量关于丰都鬼神文化和文化旅游的信息。通过定性和定量分析,划分出丰都鬼神文化发展的四个阶段,阐明了当前丰都鬼神文化旅游的困境与趋势。在此基础上得出丰都鬼神文化旅游衰落的原因:一是鬼神文化载体的结构性解体;二是政府组织不力。最后探讨了重振丰都鬼神文化旅游的可能性,提出重新构建鬼神文化的物质载体和完善其空间结构、处理好旅游利益相关者之间关系等相应措施。     

广西短期气候预测与气候灾害监测业务系统

广西短期气候预测与气候灾害监测业务系统主要包括数据库管理、气候灾害监测、短期气候预测3个子系统,集气候资料管理、气候灾害监测、短期气候预测等气候综合业务于一体.     

中国东海海平面长期变化与趋势研究

From the analyses of the satellite altimeter Maps of Sea Level Anomaly(MSLA) data, tidal gauge sea level data and historical sea level data, this paper investigates the long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea(ECS).Based on the correlation analysis, we calculate the correlation coefficient between tidal gauge and the closest MSLA grid point, then generate the map of correlation coefficient of the entire ECS. The results show that the satellite altimeter MSLA data is effective to observe coastal sea level variability. An important finding is that from map of correlation coefficient we can identify the Kuroshio. The existence of Kuroshio decreases the correlation between coastal and the Pacific sea level. Kurishio likes a barrier or a wall, which blocks the effect of the Pacific and the global change. Moreover, coastal sea level in the ECS is mainly associated with local systems rather than global change. In order to calculate the long-term sea level variability trend, the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method is applied to derive the trend on each MSLA grid point in the entire ECS. According to the 2-D distribution of the trend and rising rate, the sea level on the right side of the axis of Kuroshio rise faster than in its left side. This result supports the barrier effect of Kuroshio in the ECS. For the entire ECS, the average sea level rose 45.0 mm between 1993 and 2010, with a rising rate of(2.5±0.4) mm/a which is slower than global average.The relatively slower sea level rising rate further proves that sea level rise in the ECS has less response to global change due to its own local system effect.