多尺度空间单元区域划分方法

传统空间单元的区域划分通常仅以属性数据作为划分依据，而对单元之间空间依赖关系考虑不周。在尺度空间理论基础上，提出多尺度空间单元区域划分方法，在考虑空间单元属性信息的同时，增加了空间单元的相互依赖关系，使得在空间尺度在由小变大过程中，具有高度空间相互依赖关系的空间单元相互融合，得到不同空间尺度下的区域划分。以江苏省从1978年到1995年的18年社会经济发展数据为基础，进行了全省社会经济发展水平的区域划分的试验，结果表明与实际发展水平的分布情况相吻合。     

支撑向量机及其遥感影像空间特征提取和分类的应用研究

提出了基于支撑向量机（SVM）的遥感影像空间特征提取的新方法，并以SPOT全色波段影像上城市特征信息的提取为应用实例，并与人工神经网络（ANN）等特征提取方法进行综合比较，认为SVM方法不但能够获得比较高的分类精度，而且在学习速度、自适应能力、特征空间高维不限制、可表达性等方面具有优势。     

Radioactivity and heat production data from several boreholes in the Bohemian Massif

Summary The radiogenic heat production of rock samples from boreholes in the Bohemian Massif has been calculated from gamma-radiometric determinations of Th, U and K contents. The results, in general, fit the heat flow distribution on the territory of Czechoslovakia[1]. The values of heat production are in the range from 1.1µW m^–3 in the eastern part to 4.4µW m^–3 in the north-western part of the Bohemian Massif.     

Move a Tropical Cyclone with 4D-Var and Vortex Dynamical Initialization in WRF Model

Previous studies showed that 4 D-Var technique used for data assimilation could be modified for weather control. This study demonstrates the ability of 4 D-Var to influence the future path of a tropical cyclone by calculating perturbations in WRF simulation. Given the background error covariance matrix, the initial field is improved by the vortex dynamic initialization technique. Our results show that 4 D-Var can be applied to control the trajectory of simulated tropical cyclones by producing "optimal" perturbations. In the numerical simulation experiment of Typhoon Mitag in 2019, after this kind of weather control similar to data assimilation, the tropical cyclone moved obviously,and the damaging wind over the coastline weakened. The prediction results after the initial field modified by 4 D-Var have a great change, and the position of the tropical cyclone moved about 0.5° southeastward after assimilation,which misses the southeast coast of China. Moreover, the damaging wind is also weakened. Since the 4 D-Var is premised on the assumption that the model is perfect and does not consider the model error, then the research plan to consider model error and introduce new methods is discussed in the paper.     

Iterative Spherical Downward Continuation Applied to Magnetic and Gravitational Data from Satellite

In the last few decades, satellites have acquired various potential data sets hundreds of kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Conventionally, these global magnetic and gravitational data sets are approximated by using spherical harmonics that allow straightforward work with both fields outside the Earth’s mass. In this article, we present an alternative approach for working with potential data in mass-free space given over a regular coordinate grid on a spherical surface. The algorithm is based on an iterative scheme and the Poisson integral equation for the sphere. With help from the Fourier transform, global potential (magnetic or gravitational) data can efficiently be continued from a mean orbital sphere down to a reference surface without using the spherical harmonics. This is illustrated both with simulated magnetic field data and with real data from the satellite gradiometry mission GOCE. In the case of simulated magnetic data and the downward continuation for 450 km, we have achieved a root mean square at the level of 0.05 nT, while it was <1 E (eotvos) for real GOCE data continued for 250 km. The crucial point is to apply the algorithm twice as a large part of noise can be removed from the input data.     

Dissimilarity among Ocean Reanalyses in Equatorial Pacific Upper-Ocean Heat Content and Its Relationship with ENSO

This study focuses on the temporal variation of dissimilarity in heat content(HC)anomalies in the upper 300 m of ocean(HC300A)in the equatorial Pacific(±10°N)and its response to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The HC300A anomalies are derived from four ocean reanalyses that are commonly used in ENSO studies and are compared using a simple differencing method.The dissimilarity in HC300A is found to vary closely with the magnitude of ENSO(regardless of phase),meaning that it tends to be greater during strong ENSO events.However,the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses persists after the event decays.This effect is more pronounced after strong events.The persistence of the dissimilarity after ENSO events is a result of a late maturation of the ENSO signal,its persistence,and the interruption of the signal decay due to follow-up ENSO events.The combined effect of these three factors slows down the decay of HC300A in the region and hence results in the slow decay of dissimilarity.It is also found that areas with a significant spread in vertical temperature profiles collocate with the ENSO signal during warm ENSO phases.Thus,differences in subsurface process reconstruction are a significant factor in the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses during warm ENSO events.     

香港能见度、大气悬浮粒子浓度与气象条件的关系

利用2005年赤角能见度及东涌悬浮粒子(PM2.5)浓度的每小时数据,发现PM2.5 浓度与能见度(撇除雨雾及相对湿度≥95%的个例)呈倒数关系,相关系数约为0.8.此外,出现低能见度(能见度低于8 km,而雨雾及相对湿度≥95%的个例不计)的每月总时数与月平均PM2.5浓度都呈现相类似的季节趋势,即冬季较高,夏季较低.利用HYSPLIT作反轨迹图分析显示这现象跟影响香港的空气来源有关.来自内陆的轨迹中,出现低能见度的日平均时数及日平均PM2.5的浓度,分别远高于来自海洋的轨迹.文中还分析了一个有热带气旋接近本港的个例,论证气象条件对能见度及PM2.5浓度的重要性.