地磁房湿度对地磁观测的影响及解决方案

地磁房湿度变化较快或过大都易引起地磁数据的异常变化,且室内湿度不易控制,地磁房、磁通门磁力仪探头湿度智能在线分析监控系统可以实时显示监控地磁房、磁通门磁力仪探头湿度的变化,超过湿度阈值则发出报警信号,进而可以采用科学的方法控制探头观测环境的湿度,提高观测数据的稳定性、可靠性。本文介绍了该系统的设计思路和主要功能。     

考虑卸荷效应钻孔灌注桩孔径时空变化规律研究

对上海地区某实际工程的钻孔灌注桩试成孔进行成孔测试,首先,统计分析测试所得孔径数据,得出了钻孔灌注桩考虑成孔卸荷效应的孔径随时间及空间的变化规律,孔径缩小量与时间呈正相关,且缩小幅度逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定;不同土层的孔径变化量不同,黏聚力c越小,内摩擦角φ越大,孔壁稳定性就越差,表现为该土层的孔径变化量越大。其次,采用科学合理的拟合公式对不同土层孔径变化进行拟合,拟合度较高,能够真实反映出孔径变化的特点和规律。最后,基于Kelvin模型,运用弹性理论,结合拟合公式,推导出更符合实际的孔径变化公式和反映孔壁稳定性的公式,并合理地解释了不同土层稳定性存在差异的原因。得出的结论对上海地区的成孔施工质量控制具有重要的价值。     

湘南地区红黏土动态回弹模量试验与预估模型研究

湘南地区广泛分布红黏土,它具有天然含水率高、孔隙比大及结构性强等特点,可用于特殊路基填料。为获得红黏土的动态回弹性能,利用动三轴试验研究了偏应力、围压应力和体应力对红黏土动态回弹模量的影响。结果表明：动态回弹模量随围压和压实度的提高而增大,随偏应力的增大而减小;动态回弹模量受含水率影响较大,并在最佳含水率附近达到最大值。基于试验揭示的动态回弹模量与应力的相关性,采用3种应力相关的典型动态回弹模量预估模型对试验数据进行回归分析,进而遴选出最佳预估模型。误差分析表明,对于湘南地区红黏土,考虑偏应力和围压应力的回弹模量预估模型具有更高的决定系数,能更好地拟合红黏土的动态回弹模量。动态回弹模量试验结果和遴选的预估模型将为湘南地区红黏土路基设计提供试验和理论依据。     

南海南、北大陆边缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异及成因分析

对横跨南海南、北共轭大陆边缘的两条骨干剖面所经过的沉积盆地烃源岩热演化进行模拟,分析了南、北陆缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异。结果表明,南海南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体比北部陆缘盆地的生烃门限浅,南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体在2 200~2 300 m之间,中新统烃源岩基本已进入生烃门限;北部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体位于2 500~2 600 m之间,渐新统及其以下烃源岩进入生烃门限。南海南、北陆缘盆地生烃门限的规律性与南海现今热流分布南高北低、西高东低的整体趋势相对应,高热流有利于烃源岩的成熟与生烃,因此热流值高的区域对应生烃门限较浅。造成南、北陆缘主力烃源岩的热演化程度差异的主要原因可能是由南海扩张及古南海俯冲引起的地温场变化所引起。     

Heavy metals in particulate and colloidal matter from atmospheric deposition of urban Guangzhou,South China

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colloidal matter (COM) in annual dry and wet deposition samples in urban Guangzhou were for the first time collected, and their trace metals were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposition flux of SPM and of metal elements varied largely among the investigated seasons, and reached the maximum in spring. The correlation analysis indicated that significant correlations existed among some of the metal elements in the deposition samples. The enrichment factors (EF) of metals in COM in the deposition ranging from 79.66 to 130,000 were much higher than those of SPM ranging from 1.65 to 286.48, indicating the important role of COM. The factor analysis showed that emissions from street dust, non-ferrous metal production, and heavy fuel oil were major sources of the trace metals. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to quantitatively estimate anthropogenic source.     

Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process

The objective of this study was to determine the changing characteristics of soil surface roughness under different rainfall intensities and examine the interaction between soil surface roughness and different water erosion processes. Four artificial management practices (raking cropland, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and contour tillage) were used according to the local agriculture customs of the Loess Plateau of China to simulate different types of soil surface roughness, using an additional smooth slope for comparison purposes. A total of 20 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in five 1 m by 2 m boxes under two rainfall intensities (0.68 and 1.50 mm min^?1) on a 15° slope. During splash erosion, soil surface roughness decreased in all treatments except raking cropland and smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, while increasing for all treatments except smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. During sheet erosion, soil surface roughness decreased for all treatments except hoeing cropland under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1. However, soil surface roughness increased for the artificial hoeing and raking cropland under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. Soil surface roughness has a control effect on sheet erosion for different treatments under two rainfall intensities. For rill erosion, soil surface roughness increased for raking cropland and artificial hoeing treatments, and soil surface roughness decreased for artificial digging and the contour tillage treatments under two rainfall intensities. Under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of runoff and sediment yield. Under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 1.633 cm for the resistance control of runoff, while the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of sediment yield. These findings have important implications for clarifying the erosive nature of soil surface roughness and harnessing sloped farmland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瞬态滤波器设计及其在地方地震观测中的应用研究

目前地震数据采集器使用的最后两级数字滤波器相位有最小相位和线性相位两种。相位特性直接影响着记录的地震波形数据质量,最小相位滤波器的相位特性非线性严重,引起波形失真,线性相位滤波器带来“前缀波”。本文介绍了一种专用于地震波形采集的瞬态滤波器的设计及其观测分析研究。该瞬态滤波器既有最小相位特性,又有较好的线性相位特性,具有良好的瞬态响应波形。地方震实测数据表明,使用瞬态滤波器记录的地震波,没有"前缀"波出现,初动半周期也没有被展宽,波形失真最小。因为通带至过渡带转角平缓和过渡带滚降速率低是所有瞬态特性良好的滤波器的共同特征,故使用瞬态滤波必须付出的代价是提高采样率来确保通带上边沿频率保持不变。     

瞬态滤波器设计及其在地方地震观测中的应用研究

目前地震数据采集器使用的最后两级数字滤波器相位有最小相位和线性相位两种。相位特性直接影响着记录的地震波形数据质量,最小相位滤波器的相位特性非线性严重,引起波形失真,线性相位滤波器带来“前缀波”。本文介绍了一种专用于地震波形采集的瞬态滤波器的设计及其观测分析研究。该瞬态滤波器既有最小相位特性,又有较好的线性相位特性,具有良好的瞬态响应波形。地方震实测数据表明,使用瞬态滤波器记录的地震波,没有"前缀"波出现,初动半周期也没有被展宽,波形失真最小。因为通带至过渡带转角平缓和过渡带滚降速率低是所有瞬态特性良好的滤波器的共同特征,故使用瞬态滤波必须付出的代价是提高采样率来确保通带上边沿频率保持不变。     

基于最小二乘的岩石频谱参数反演初始值选取的讨论

频谱激电法作为地球物理勘探的有效手段,在寻找激电异常体以及探寻深部矿产方面有重大贡献,岩石频谱参数的确定是实现该方法的重要步骤。在利用最小二乘法对复电阻率、相位参数进行反演时,各频谱参数初始值选取不同对反演效果影响较大,选取不好甚至会发散。在各频谱参数所属范围内采用随机选取初始值的方法进行反演,对复电阻率幅值曲线以及相位曲线拟合效果较好,不易陷入局部极小值的特点,能克服了较为盲目选取初始值而对结果带来的不良影响。