激光跟踪仪精度仿真与实验分析

随着现代工业技术的迅猛发展,制造业对设备尺寸及空间位置精度要求越来越严苛,已达微米级。激光跟踪仪作为一种高精密,便携测量工具被越来越广泛地应用于工业测量项目中。本文在误差传递理论及空间几何学基础上,推算激光跟踪仪在空间测量中定向误差与测程和测角之间的关系,并通过MATLAB软件进行定性与定量仿真分析,最终设计实验对结果加以验证。所得结论为构建大尺寸空间测量体系提供了理论依据并对今后工业现场测量作业起到指导性作用。     

Middle Cretaceous pCO2 Variation in Yumen,Gansu Province and its Response to the Climate Events

The palaeo-atmospheric CO_2 concentration(pCO_2) variation in the Yumen, Gansu Province during the middle Cretaceous has been reconstructed using the newly established plant photosynthetic gas exchange mechanistic model, and the results show that the p CO_2 values are in the range of about 550–808 ppmv. The present pCO_2 values are higher than the p CO2 results(531–641 ppmv) of the previous study according to the Recent standardization of the stomatal ratio method, and much lower than the pCO_2 results(882–1060 ppmv) according to the Carboniferous standardization of the stomatal ratio method. The present pCO_2 variation is not only within the error range of GEOCARBⅡ and GEOCARB Ⅲ but also is similar to the reconstructed results based on the biochemistry and carbon isotope models. Besides, the present Brachyphyllum specimens were collected from four consecutive horizons of the upper Zhonggou Formation of the Hanxia Section, and the reconstructed pCO_2 exhibits the reconstructed pCO_2 exhibits a decline trend during the late Aptian to early Albian. This decline variation is probably associated with the Oceanic Anoxic Events(OAE1 b) and the Cold snap event. With the combination of p CO_2 during the Albian to Cenomanian recovered by the plant photosynthetic gas exchange mechanistic model, the pCO_2 showed a prominent increase during the late Aptian to early Cenominian, which indicates a response to the greenhouse warming during the middle Cretaceous. Therefore, the mechanical model of the plant photosynthetic gas exchange shows a relatively strong accuracy in the reconstruction of the pCO_2 and can reflect a strong relation between the atmospheric CO_2 concentrations and climatic events.     

Carbon Geochemistry of Gas Hydrate‐associated Sediments in the Southwestern Taiwan Basin

Marine gas hydrates, one of the largest methane reservoirs on Earth, may greatly affect the deep sea sedimentary environment and biogeochemistry; however, the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-bearing sediments is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the carbon variables in sediment core 973-3 from the southwestern Taiwan Basin in the South China Sea to understand the effect of environmental factors and archaeal communities on carbon geochemistry. The carbon profiles suggest the methanogenesis with the incerase of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) and high total organic carbon(TOC)(mean = 0.46%) originated from terrigenous organic matter(mean δ~(13)C_(TOC) value of-23.6‰) driven by the abundant methanogen ‘Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobiales'. The active anaerobic oxidation of methane is characterized by the increase of DIC and inorganic carbon(IC), and the depleted δ~(13)C_(IC), coupled with the increase of TOC and the decrease of δ~(13)C_(TOC) values owing to the methanotroph ‘Methanosarcinales/ANME' in 430–840 cm. Environmental factors and archaeal communities in core 973-3 are significantly correlated to carbon variables owing to methane production and oxidation. Our results indicate that the carbon geochemical characteristics are obviously responding to the formation and decomposition of gas hydrates. Furthermore, pH, Eh and grain size, and Methanosaeta greatly affect the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-associated sediments.     

湖北省罗田县陈林沟金矿床地质特征及矿床成因

陈林沟金矿床矿体呈脉状赋存于近EW向断裂构造中,矿石类型以石英脉型矿石为主,蚀变岩型矿石为次;矿化从浅部向深部出现由金矿化向金银多金属矿化转变,矿体规模逐渐变大,矿化强度逐渐变强;成矿年龄约为130 Ma±,其形成与燕山期岩浆作用具有时空和成因联系,矿床成因类型为中低温岩浆热液型金矿床。     

刘家峡水库表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征

采用多元统计的方法对刘家峡水库表层沉积物中25种微量元素的含量、相关性、来源及控制因素进行了分析。结果显示:研究区表层沉积物中Sr、Zn、Zr和Ba的含量平均值超过了170μg/g,Cd、Mo和Tl的含量平均值都在1μg/g以下,其它元素含量平均值则在2. 01~104. 34μg/g。元素Cu、V、Co、Cr、Ni、Rb、Li、Cd、Be、Pb、Sc、As、Ga、Nb、Sn、Cs、Tl、Th和Al2O3等存在较为明显的相关性,且它们分布规律基本相似。因子分析表明,水库中微量元素分为3个主要来源,第一组分的元素分布受控于矿物岩石的自然风化剥蚀,其贡献率为63. 20%;第二组分的Zr和Ba主要受河流沉积物中元素的迁移和转化的影响,其贡献率为12. 51%;第三组分的Sr则主要受控于生物成因,其贡献率为9. 76%。另外,研究区重金属元素中,Zn和As含量远超过了全球页岩平均值,值得进一步的深入研究。     

西沙海槽盆地强限制性中央峡谷水道地震相与内部结构的分段特征

西沙海槽盆地中央峡谷深水水道规模大,下切深,弯曲度低,表现出强限制性与东西分段性特征。充分利用研究区二维地震资料,对其地震相特征进行识别与分段性研究,识别出中央峡谷水道体系五种典型地震相类型,分别为底部滞留沉积、浊积砂体沉积、块体流沉积、泥质沉积、滑塌沉积。水道内部充填序列与限制性强度区相关性密切。通过地震相图、沉积相图和古地貌恢复图分析,发现西沙海槽中央峡谷整体呈东西向展布,水道西宽东窄,周边地势西高东低。基于分段特征与构造断裂带的吻合性,以西沙次凹处作为拐点将峡谷分为东西两段,其中西段NWW向展布,限制性弱;东段NEE向展布,限制性强。根据展布、形态、充填等诸多方面因素,总结出了13种分段特征,其限制性与分段性主要受到构造活动、地貌形态与物源供应等的控制。     

论测绘地理信息档案信息化管理方式

测绘信息化的快速发展,对测绘地理信息档案的管理提出了更高的要求,而传统的档案管理模式远远不能满足目前的需要。本文分析了现有的档案管理方式,重点从管理制度、数字化、数据和业务管理、资源共享、安全防护、基础设施和人才队伍建设等几个方面提出了档案信息化管理方式,最后论述了档案信息化管理流程。     

基于WMTS服务的电子地图快速更新体系的研究与实践

基于WMTS标准服务的电子地图应用越来越广泛,其数据更新问题也成为研究热点。本文首先分析了国内相关的研究现状和特点,提出了有别于其他的电子地图更新体系,同时阐述了设计的思路和具体实现方式,并应用于广东实际,发挥了巨大作用。     

成水滴灌下塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤盐分分布特征分析

对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地进行实地取样分析,研究咸水滴灌条件下土壤盐分变化规律及其离子分布特征.试验采用5个矿化度水平的咸水灌溉处理:29.70(1号井),25.90(2号井),20.99(8号井),16.95(14号井)和5.75 g·L-1(18号井).试验结果表明:咸水滴灌对土壤盐分含量和离子组成有显著影响,土壤积盐程度随灌溉水矿化度的增大而加剧,土壤盐分组成以C1-、Na+和SO42-为主;不同盐分离子在土壤剖面上的分布特征不同,C1-、Na+、Mg2+和SO42-四种离子的分布较一致,在垂直滴头向下方向浓度最低,远离滴头径向浓度逐渐增大,Ca外和HCO3-在剖面上的分布存在明显的不一致性,在水平方向上远离滴头HCO3-离子浓度向上层聚集,Ca2+则表现为向下层淋溶.研究结果对极端干旱区高矿化度咸水的合理开发利用及防护林的可持续发展具有理论意义和应用价值.