Sedimentary features of a Weichselian glaciolacustrine delta

Inclined beds of sand, granules, pebbles and cobbles resembling a glacio-tectonically tilted sequence were shown by sedimentological studies to constitute the 10–12 m thick foreset beds of a glaciolacustrine Gilbert-type delta in Kyndby, North Sjælland, Denmark. The foreset beds are slightly curved, dip 10–28 SE, and display a bundlewise structure with alternating coarse-grained cobble-rich and fine-grained sandy units. The occurrence of ascending megaripple cross-bedding and climbing ripple cross-lamination in the sandy foresets can be ascribed to strong backflow currents formed by the lee-side vortice. The foreset beds are underlain by flat-lying fine-grained sand, silt and clay (bottomset beds), and are overlain transitionally or erosively by 2–3 m of flat-lying sand, pebbles and cobbles (topset beds). In the transition zone between foreset beds and topset beds, various delta distributary channel units occur. The delta probably formed in a partly ice-dammed lake in connection with the general retreat of a Weichselian advance from the north ('Norwegian ice')     

Dynamics of the last glaciation in eastern Svalbard as inferred from glacier-movement indicators

Glacial striae and other ice movement indicators such as roche moutonées, glacial erratics, till fabric and glaciotectonic deformation have been used to reconstruct the Late Weichselian ice movements in the region of eastern Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea. The ice movement pattern may be divided into three main phases: (1) a maximum phase when ice flowed out of a centre east or southeast of Kong Karls Land. At this time the southern part of Spitsbergen was overrun by glacial ice from the Barents Sea; (2) the phase of deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet, when an ice cap was centred between Kong Karls Land and Nordaustlandet. At the same time ice flowed southwards along Storfjorden; and (3) the last phase of the Late Weichselian glaciation in eastern Svalbard is represented by local ice caps on Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Barentsoya and Edgeøya.
The reconstructed ice flow pattern during maximum glaciation is compatible with a centre of uplift in the northern Barents Sea as shown by isobase reconstructions and suggested by isostatic modelling.