格罗夫山冰原岛峰高程测定

南极内陆格罗夫山地区冰原上坐落着64座冰原岛峰,它们绝大多数的高程都未被直接测定.2010年中国第26次南极科学考察格罗夫山分队,通过精密测绘方法测定了梅森峰、威尔逊岭的高程,并发现梅森峰是格罗夫山地区的最高峰.由于梅森峰、威尔逊岭四壁陡峭,难以攀登,为确保测量的精确性,首先在梅森峰附近的冰面上选取了3个基准点,采用G...     

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.     

青藏高原地理环境研究进展

经三纪青藏地区曾二次隆升与夷平,３,４Ｍａ以来经历了高原强烈隆起,现代季风形成,高原山地抬升、进入冰冻圈,环境剧烈波劝,高原内部干旱化及全新世环境波动变化等古寺理演化阶段。     

2003～2015年中国城市劳动力技能互补、收入水平与人口城镇化

基于2003~2015年中国256个地级市面板数据,对城市中高低技能劳动力耦合协调度进行衡量,并就扩大低技能劳动力规模对城市收入水平的影响进行了分析。主要结论为：① 过去10 a间,中国市级层面的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度总体上升,但上升幅度存在显著的区域间差异;② 七大国土区域内部的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度差异不断扩大,表明城市间高低技能劳动力流动正在加速;③ SLM和SEM模型均表明,地市级层面的低技能劳动力比重、城市收入水平和城市规模三者正相关,说明城市经济规模越大,扩大其低技能劳动力比重,越有助于提升城市总体收入水平。     

Detecting Arctic snow and ice cover with FY-1D global data

Chinese meteorological satellite FY-1D can obtain global data from four spectral channels which include visible channel(0.58-0.68 μm) and infrared channels(0.84-0.89 μm,10.3-11.3 μm,11.5-12.5 μm).2366 snow and ice samples,2024 cloud samples,1602 land samples and 1648 water samples were selected randomly from Arctic imageries.Land and water can be detected by spectral features.Snow-ice and cloud can be classified by textural features.The classifier is Bayes classifier.By synthesizing five d ays classifying result of Arctic snow and ice cover area,complete Arctic snow and ice cover area can be obtained.The result agrees with NOAA/NESDIS IMS products up to 70%.     

西藏古乡沟泥石流发展趋势

1950年地震造成的大规模雪崩、冰崩及崩塌,堵塞古乡沟中游沟道,在降雨、气温及冰雪融水作用下,1953年溃决成特大冰川泥石流,流量达2.86万m~3/s。随着流域内补给物质的转移,古乡沟泥石流的规模、容重、暴发频率可能会减弱。     

Estimating areal carbon fixation of intertidal macroalgal community based on composition dynamics and laboratory measurements

The community dynamics and potential carbon ?xation of intertidal macroalgae were investigated monthly from April 2014 to April 2015 in the northwest coast of Yellow Sea. Seasonal variations in biomass and carbon ?xation were presented and showed close relationship with community structure.The carbon ?xation rate ranged from 0.48±0.13 mg C/(g FW ·d) to 4.35±0.12 mg C/(g FW ·d). Sargassum thunbergii, Chondrus ocellatus and Ulva intestinalis were three most in?uential species which contributed27%, 21.9% and 18.5% variation of carbon ?xation rate, respectively. Standing carbon stocks ranged from7.52 g C/m~2 to 41.31 g C/m~2, and estimated carbon stocks varied from 11.77 g C/m 2 to 96.49 g C/m~2. The larger dif ference between estimated and standing carbon stocks implied that more ?xed carbon was exported from the community in summer and autumn than in winter. This study suggested that intertidal macroalgal community could provide a potential function in carbon ?xation of coastal ecosystem.     

招远、莱州地区金矿床黄铁矿的标型特征及黄铁矿中金的赋存状态

招远、莱州地区金矿床黄铁矿的标型特征及黄铁矿中金的赋存状态的研究,采用了化学成分分析、电子探针成分分析、透射电镜分析、物相分析、晶胞参数测定、热电系数测定、比重硬度测定、粒度测定等多种物理化学手段。初步探讨了黄铁矿与金矿成矿的关系,并归纳出以下特征,可作为找矿标志:一是裂隙发育,结构疏松不规则的碎块状及五角十二面体、八面体、立方体黄铁矿含金高,与金关系密切。二是金矿中黄铁矿热电系数为正值,热电场为空穴型及电子—空穴型两种。三是金矿中黄铁矿晶胞参数大、比重低、硬度低、反射率低者含金量高。四是黄铁矿的主要成分S、Fe偏低,杂质元素Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Co、Ni等微量元素较高,是含金黄铁矿成分特征。五是在金矿中黄铁矿是主要载金矿物,有80％以上的金与黄铁矿有关。查明金主要呈独立矿物赋存在黄铁矿中。另外在黄铁矿中还有可能存在微量固溶体金。     

毛乌素沙地西南缘灌丛沙丘沉积物的粒度和元素特征

对毛乌素沙地白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙丘沉积物粒度和元素特征进行了采样分析.结果表明:灌丛沙丘沉积物来源单一,几乎全部由丘间地物质组成,其粒度和元素特征与丘间地物质极其相似;相对而言,灌丛沙丘沉积物比丘间地物质含有更多粗颗粒物,主要因丘间地可做跃移运动的中沙和细沙更易被灌丛阻挡而堆积;灌丛沙丘沉积物中大部分元素含量比丘间地物质低,主要因这些元素易被淋溶迁移到丘间地富集;灌丛沙丘发育以来,虽然其沉积环境存在波动,但相对稳定,未发生过显著变化.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.