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991.
Horsburgh Kevin Haigh Ivan D. Williams Jane De Dominicis Michela Wolf Judith Inayatillah Addina Byrne David 《Ocean Dynamics》2021,71(6-7):715-730
Ocean Dynamics - In this paper, we show that over the next few decades, the natural variability of mid-latitude storm systems is likely to be a more important driver of coastal extreme sea levels... 相似文献
992.
Stéphane Le Mouélic Pascal Rannou Sébastien Rodriguez Christophe Sotin Caitlin A. Griffith Lucille Le Corre Jason W. Barnes Robert H. Brown Kevin H. Baines Bonnie J. Buratti Roger N. Clark Philip D. Nicholson Gabriel Tobie 《Planetary and Space Science》2012,60(1):86-92
Saturn's Moon Titan has a thick atmosphere with a meteorological cycle. We report on the evolution of the giant cloud system covering its north pole using observations acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft. A radiative transfer model in spherical geometry shows that the clouds are found at an altitude between 30 and 65 km. We also show that the polar cloud system vanished progressively as Titan approached equinox in August 2009, revealing at optical wavelengths the underlying sea known as Kraken Mare. This decrease of activity suggests that the north-polar downwelling has begun to shut off. Such a scenario is compared with the Titan global circulation model of Rannou et al. (2006), which predicts a decrease of cloud coverage in northern latitudes at the same period of time. 相似文献
993.
Community readiness for a new tsunami warning system: quasi-experimental and benchmarking evaluation of a school education component 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Youth preparedness for disasters is a growing area of research. However, studies to date have relied on cross-sectional, correlational
research designs. The current study replicated aspects of the one other study to date that has used a quasi-experimental strategy
to evaluate youth preparedness for disasters. This study evaluated whether children were more knowledgeable and prepared for
hazards generally but also in more specific relation to the rollout of a new tsunami warning system. Using a pretest–posttest
with benchmarking design, the study found that following a brief school education program, supplementing a larger community-wide
effort, children reported significant gains in preparedness indicators including increased knowledge as well as increases
in physical and psychosocial preparedness. Within group effect sizes compared favorably with those from the previous experimental
study in this area used to benchmark current intervention-produced findings and produced hints that combining school education
programs with larger community preparedness efforts can enhance preparedness. Given that this is only one of two experimentally-based
studies in an area of research largely dominated by cross-sectional designs, future research should consider the use of experimental
designs, including those that are pragmatic and fit with needs of the school. The current approach has limitations that need
to be considered. However, it also has some real advantages, including being used more extensively in fieldwork studies that
evaluate various types of interventions. Through increased use of experimental design strategies, researchers can then also
have increased confidence that educational programs are the source of increases in disaster resilience in youth and their
families. 相似文献
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997.
Kevin D. McKeegan 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1045-1054
998.
Jeffrey Turner Hans‐Jrgen Albrechtsen Mike Bonell Jean‐Pierre Duguet Bob Harris Rainer Meckenstock Kevin McGuire Roger Moussa Norman Peters Hans H. Richnow Barbara Sherwood‐Lollar Stefan Uhlenbrook Henny van Lanen 《水文研究》2006,20(1):205-213
A summary is provided of the first of a series of proposed Integrated Science Initiative workshops supported by the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The workshop brought together hydrologists, environmental chemists, microbiologists, stable isotope specialists and natural resource managers with the purpose of communicating new ideas on ways to assess microbial degradation processes and reactive transport at catchment scales. The focus was on diffuse contamination at catchment scales and the application of compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in the assessment of biological degradation processes of agrochemicals. Major outcomes were identifying the linkage between water residence time distribution and rates of contaminant degradation, identifying the need for better information on compound specific microbial degradation isotope fractionation factors and the potential of CSIA in identifying key degradative processes. In the natural resource management context, a framework was developed where CSIA techniques were identified as practically unique in their capacity to serve as distributed integrating indicators of process across a range of scales (micro to diffuse) of relevance to the problem of diffuse pollution assessment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
Induced electrical currents within Europa inferred from Galileo spacecraft magnetometer instrument data have been interpreted as due to a salty europan ocean. Published compositional models for Europa's ocean, based on aqueous leaching of carbonaceous chondrites, range over five orders of magnitude in predicted magnesium sulfate concentrations. We combine the Galileo spacecraft magnetometer-derived oceanic conductivities and radio Doppler data-derived interior models with laboratory conductivity vs concentration data for both magnesium sulfate solutions and terrestrial seawater to determine empirically the range of salt concentrations permitted for Europa's ocean. Solutions for both a three-layer spherical model, and a five-layer half-space model, that satisfy current preferred best fits to magnetometer data imply high, near-saturation salt concentrations and require a europan ice shell of less than 15 km thick, with a best fit at 4 km ice thickness. Adding a conductive core and mantle has a negligible effect on the amplitude when ocean conductivities are greater than a few Siemens per meter. Similarly, we find that including a realistic ionosphere has a negligible effect. We examine the implications of these results for the subsurface habitability of Europa. 相似文献
1000.
Jrme ALON Alexander N. KROT Kevin D. MCKEEGAN Glenn J. MACPHERSON Alexander A. ULYANOV 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(7):1043-1058
Abstract— Oxygen isotopes have been measured by ion microprobe in individual minerals (spinel, Al‐Ti‐diopside, melilite, and anorthite) within four relatively unaltered, fine‐grained, spinel‐rich Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka. Spinel is uniformly 16O‐rich (Δ17O ≤ ?20‰) in all four CAIs; Al‐Ti‐diopside is similarly 16O‐rich in all but one CAI, where it has smaller 16O excesses (‐15‰ ≤ Δ17O ≤ ?10‰). Anorthite and melilite vary widely in composition from 16O‐rich to 16O‐poor (‐22‰ ≤ Δ17O ≤ ?5‰). Two of the CAIs are known to have group II volatility‐fractionated rare‐earth‐element patterns, which is typical of this variety of CAI and which suggests formation by condensation. The association of such trace element patterns with 16O‐enrichment in these CAIs suggests that they formed by gas‐solid condensation from an 16O‐rich gas. They subsequently experienced thermal processing in an 16O‐poor reservoir, resulting in partial oxygen isotope exchange. Within each inclusion, oxygen isotope variations from mineral to mineral are consistent with solid‐state oxygen self‐diffusion at the grain‐to‐grain scale, but such a model is not consistent with isotopic variations at a larger scale in two of the CAIs. The spatial association of 16O depletions with both elevated Fe contents in spinel and the presence of nepheline suggests that late‐stage iron‐alkali metasomatism played some role in modifying the isotopic patterns in some CAIs. One of the CAIs is a compound object consisting of a coarse‐grained, melilite‐rich (type A) lithology joined to a fine‐grained, spinel‐rich one. Melilite and anorthite in the fine‐grained portion are mainly 16O‐rich, whereas melilite in the type A portion ranges from 16O‐rich to 16O‐poor, suggesting that oxygen isotope exchange predated the joining together of the two parts and that both 16O‐rich and 16O‐poor gaseous reservoirs existed simultaneously in the early solar nebula. 相似文献