临震电磁波信息研究

临震电磁波辐射与电磁扰动的现象,早在1966年邢台地震时就引起了人们的注意。1975年海城地震和1976年唐山大震后,一些单位从不同的方面开展了观测研究工作。我省一些中强震震前也曾出现过不同表现形式的电磁波辐射与电磁扰动现象。如1970年10月29日金湖4.2级地震前约2小时,震中区一鱼场工人发现收音机受到强烈干扰,震后即恢复正常;1974     

板块构造说的发生与发展

中国是世界文明发达最早的国家之一,中国已有了将近四千年的有文字可考的历史。上古和中古时代我国常常出现光辉的地质思想的萌芽。近古以来,宋明理学盛行,儒家定于一尊,早期出现的可贵苗头,得不到应有的发展。不但地球知识毫无进展,整个自然科学也一蹶不振,长期以来,处于混沌状态。相反,西方在古代漫长黑夜之后,到了十六世纪,所谓“宗教改革”特别是影响深远的“文艺复兴”,为学术的大步前进开辟了道路。     

珠穆朗玛峰北坡冈瓦纳相地层的发现

于1975年我国再次登上珠穆朗玛峰的科学考察活动中,在地质方面获得了地层、古生物、岩石、构造等方面比较珍贵的资料。珠峰科考资料研究的新成果是在反击右倾翻案风斗争取得伟大胜利的大好形势推动下取得的。本刊将发表《珠穆朗玛峰北坡冈瓦纳相地层的发现》等相互联系的一组文章,从地层、沉积、古生物的角度,以较丰富的资料证实了珠峰北坡冈瓦纳相地层的存在,这对于探讨珠穆朗玛峰及喜马拉雅山的隆起和地质发展史具有重要价值。     

The role of anthropogenic activities in karst spring discharge volatility

The traditional hydrological time series methods tend to focus on the mean of whichever variable is analysed but neglect its time‐varying variance (i.e. assuming the variance remains constant). The variances of hydrological time series vary with time under anthropogenic influence. There is evidence that extensive well drilling and groundwater pumping can intercept groundwater run‐off and consequently induce spring discharge volatility or variance varying with time (i.e. heteroskedasticity). To investigate the time‐varying variance or heteroskedasticity of spring discharge, this paper presents a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (SARIMA‐GARCH) model, whose the SARIMA model is used to estimate the mean of hydrological time series, and the GARCH model estimates its time‐varying variance. The SARIMA‐GARCH model was then applied to the Xin'an Springs Basin, China, where extensive groundwater development has occurred since 1978 (e.g. the average annual groundwater pumping rates were less than 0.20 m³/s in the 1970s, reached 1.20 m³/s at the end of the 1980s, surpassed 2.0 m³/s in the 1990s and exceeded 3.0 m³/s by 2007). To identify whether human activities or natural stressors caused the heteroskedasticity of Xin'an Springs discharge, we segmented the spring discharge sequence into two periods: a predevelopment stage (i.e. 1956–1977) and a developed stage (i.e. 1978–2012), and set up the SARIMA‐GARCH model for the two stages, respectively. By comparing the models, we detected the role of human activities in spring discharge volatility. The results showed that human activities caused the heteroskedasticity of the Xin'an Spring discharge. The predicted Xin'an Springs discharge by the SARIMA‐GARCH model showed that the mean monthly spring discharge is predicted to continue to decline to 0.93 m³/s in 2013, 0.67 m³/s in 2014 and 0.73 m³/s in 2015. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identifying parameters controlling soil delayed behaviour from laboratory and in situ pressuremeter testing

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for identifying the soil parameters controlling the delayed behaviour from laboratory and in situ pressuremeter tests by using an elasto‐viscoplastic model (EVP‐MCC) based on Perzyna's overstress theory and on the elasto‐plastic Modified Cam Clay model. The influence of both the model parameters and the soil permeability was studied under the loading condition of pressuremeter tests by coupling the proposed model equations with Biot's consolidation theory. On the basis of the parametric study, a methodology for identifying model parameters and soil permeability by inverse analysis from three levels of constant strain rate pressuremeter tests was then proposed and applied on tests performed on natural Saint‐Herblain clay. The methodology was validated by comparing the optimized values of soil parameters and the values of the same parameters obtained from laboratory test results, and also by using the identified parameters to simulate other tests on the same samples. The analysis of the drainage condition and the strain rate effect during a pressuremeter test demonstrated the coupled influence of consolidation and viscous effects on the test results. The numerical results also showed that the inverse analysis procedure could successfully determine the parameters controlling the time‐dependent soil behaviour. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东地壳运动GPS观测网的建设与初步结果分析

简述山东地壳运动GPS观测网的建设和数据处理的基本方法，并对系统所得的初步结果进行分析，分析表明，该系统可产出连续、高精度的GPS基准站三维坐标及基线数据，可为地震监测和地壳运动的科学研究提供良好的GPS数据素材。     

DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中的一些技术问题

讨论了DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中洞体安装条件、密封保温设施、水管气泡排除、IP标定等应注意的一些技术问题.     

海岸沙坝剖面和滩肩剖面特征研究

通过物理模型实验研究了海岸沙坝剖面和滩肩剖面的形成和演化过程,给出了稳定的沙坝剖面和滩肩剖面的几何特征。实验中考虑了两种初始坡度(1∶20和1∶10)和不同波高的规则波和不规则波,讨论了不同初始坡度海岸上破碎波空间分布特征。结果表明,沙坝产生后存在向岸和离岸两种运动形态,但最终将停留在稳定位置。稳定的沙坝剖面对应不同初始坡度和波浪存在不同的大沙坝和小沙坝分布。沙坝剖面由长时间小波高波浪序列作用后可转化为稳定滩肩剖面,该剖面不依赖于波浪和初始坡度。实验也给出了平衡剖面与理论曲线的对比以及剖面上泥沙粒径的分布。     

Seismic data reconstruction based on iterative linear expansion of thresholds

Based on the compressive sensing,a novel algorithm is proposed to solve reconstruction problem under sparsity assumptions.Instead of estimating the reconstructed data through minimizing the objective function,the authors parameterize the problem as a linear combination of few elementary thresholding functions,which can be solved by calculating the linear weighting coefficients.It is to update the thresholding functions during the process of iteration.The advantage of this method is that the optimization problem only needs to be solved by calculating linear coefficients for each time.With the elementary thresholding functions satisfying certain constraints,a global convergence of the iterative algorithm is guaranteed.The synthetic and the field data results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于自然资源调查监测现状的统一体系构建研究

构建统一调查监测体系,是实现自然资源管理"两统一"职责的基础,是贯彻生态文明思想的重要举措.本文从当前各类自然资源调查监测现状出发,客观梳理总结出分类体系、技术方法、数据生产和法律规章四类问题,并提出制定分类体系和技术规范,形成数据底版以及建设数据平台的思考和建议.