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181.
Elena Blanter Jean-Louis Le Mouël Mikhail Shnirman Vincent Courtillot 《Solar physics》2018,293(10):134
The solar-cycle oscillations of the toroidal and poloidal components of the solar magnetic field in the northern solar hemisphere have a persistent phase difference of about \(\pi \). We propose a symmetrical Kuramoto model with three coupled oscillators as a simple way to understand this anti-synchronization. We solve an inverse problem and reconstruct natural frequencies of the top and bottom oscillators under the conditions of a constant coupling strength and a non-delayed coupling. These natural frequencies are associated with angular velocities of the meridional flow circulation near the solar surface and in the deep layer of the solar convection zone. A relationship between our reconstructions of the shallow and the deep meridional flow speed during recent Solar Cycles 21?–?23 is in agreement with estimates obtained in helioseismology and flux-transport dynamo modeling. The reconstructed top oscillator speed presents significant solar-cycle like variations that agree with recent helioseismical reconstructions. The evolution of reconstructed natural frequencies strongly depends on the coupling strength. We find two stable regimes in the case of strong coupling with a change of regime during anomalous solar cycles. We see the onset of a new transition in Solar Cycle 24. We estimate the admitted range of coupling values and find evidence of cross-equatorial coupling between solar hemispheres not accounted for by the model. 相似文献
182.
We report on the occurrence of Hα dimming associated with a sigmoid eruption in a quiet-sun region on 14 August 2001. The
coronal sigmoid in soft X-ray images from the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope was located over an Hα filament channel. Its eruption was accompanied by a flare of GOES X-ray class
C2.3 and possibly associated with a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) observed with the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraphs (LASCO) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). During the eruption, coronal bipolar double dimming took place at the regions with opposite magnetic polarities around
the two sigmoid ends, but the underlying chromospheric channel did not show observable changes corresponding to the coronal
eruption. Different from the erupting coronal sigmoid itself, however, the coronal dimming had a detectable chromosphere counterpart,
i.e., Hα dimming. By regarding the sigmoid as a coronal sign for a flux rope, these observations are explained in the framework
of the flux rope model of CMEs. The flux rope is possibly deeply rooted in the chromosphere, and the coronal and Hα dimming
regions mark its evacuated feet, through which the material is possibly fed to the halo CME. 相似文献
183.
In the paleogeographic reconstruction of Mexico and northern Central America, an ever-increasing amount of evidence shows
that the entire region is a collage of suspect terranes transported from abroad, whose timing and sense of motion are now
beginning to be understood. Among these, the Chortis block (nuclear Central America) and the Baja California Peninsula have
been proposed as pieces of continent separated from the Pacific coast of southwestern Mexico, that have moved either southeastward
by the Farallon plate or northwestward by the Kula plate. Previous studies mainly confined to the northern margin of the Chortis
block, confirmed a left-lateral displacement of 130 km in Neogene time. Further studies made northwestward along the Mexican
coast provided a better understanding of magmatic and metamorphic processes in the area, and suggested times of detachment
increased to 30 Ma, 40 Ma, and 66 Ma. The pre-detachment westernmost position of the block has changed, depending on the model
chosen, from Puerto Vallarta and beyond, to the current position. Here we show that the isotopic mineral ages from coastal
granites along the coast from Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco (80 Ma) to Puerto Angel, Oaxaca (11 Ma) record systematic decrease
of cooling ages from NW to SE. This pattern is interpreted to result from the progressive uplift of rocks exposed at the present-day
coast in that direction, such uplift occurred in response to the development of the Middle America Trench at the newly formed
continental margin when the Chortis block was sliding at an average rate of 1.5 cm/year in a sinistral sense to its present
position. Our results also constrain the position of the Kula-Farallon spreading axis north of Puerto Vallarta. These observations
led us to conclude that several indicators point to this time and region for the onset of strike-slip drifting of the Chortis
block toward its current position. Here, we also present several view points in terms of other possilble interpretations to
different tectonic, geologic and isotopic data sets published recently by different authors. 相似文献
184.
Integration of reflection seismic and sediment grain-size data from Lake Khubsugul (Northern Mongolia): a reply to Prokopenko and Kendall 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prokopenko and Kendall (J Paleolimnol doi:, 2008) criticise the work presented in Fedotov et al. (J Paleolimnol 39:335–348, 2008), and instead propose an alternative
interpretation for the grain-size evolution recorded in the KDP-01 core, retrieved from the central part of Lake Khubsugul.
Their interpretation is based (i) on a seismic-stratigraphic re-interpretation of sparker seismic profile khub012 (which they
copied from Fedotov et al. (EOS Trans 87:246–250, 2006)), (ii) on the presupposition that changes in lake level are the dominant
control on facies distribution in Lake Khubsugul, and (iii) on the invalidation of our age-depth model. In this reply to their
comment, we demonstrate that they interpreted seismic artefacts and geometries caused by changes in profile orientation as
true stratigraphic features and that the lake-level reconstruction they derive from this interpretation is therefore incorrect.
We also demonstrate that their grain-size predictions, which they consider to be predominantly driven by changes in lake level,
are inconsistent with the measured sulphate concentration, which is a demonstrated proxy of lake level in Lake Khubsugul,
and with the measured grain-size record. Finally, we point out that even if there would be a problem with the age-depth model,
this problem would not affect the part of the sedimentary sequence discussed in Fedotov et al. (J Paleolimnol 39:335–348,
2008). 相似文献
185.
以沈阳市为例,运用高分辨率遥感影像识别城市应急避难场所,采用空间插值、波段集统计等方法刻画应急避难场所空间分布及其与人口的空间匹配性,通过栅格成本分析和加权Voronoi图等方法测算空间可达性并划分其服务区范围。研究表明:(1)沈阳市应急避难场所分布呈现出"小集聚、大分散"的基本格局,与人口分布的空间匹配性差;(2)应急避难场所可达性表现出空间异质性,大型用地对整体格局起到主要塑造作用;(3)研究区域可划分为14个较为明确的应急避难场所服务区,不同服务范围在空间上存在大小、数量和构成上的差异。最后,从城市安全视角对沈阳市应急避难场所的空间布局提出优化建议,为政府部门决策提供科学依据与政策参考。 相似文献
186.
Sky models have been used in the past to calibrate individual low radio frequency telescopes. In this article we generalize this approach from a single antenna to a two element interferometer, and formulate the problem in a way that allows us to estimate the flux density of the Sun using the normalized cross-correlations (visibilities) measured on a low resolution interferometric baseline. For wide field-of-view instruments, typically the case at low radio frequencies, this approach can provide robust absolute solar flux calibration for well characterized antennas and receiver systems. It can provide a reliable and computationally lean method for extracting parameters of physical interest using a small fraction of the voluminous interferometric data, which can be computationally prohibitively expensive to calibrate and image using conventional approaches. We demonstrate this technique by applying it to data from the Murchison Widefield Array and assess its reliability. 相似文献
187.
Xufen Wu HongSheng Zhao Yougang Wang Claudio Llinares Alexander Knebe 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(1):109-120
We perform a stability test of triaxial models in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) using N -body simulations. The triaxial models considered here have densities that vary with r −1 in the centre and r −4 at large radii. The total mass of the model varies from 108 to 1010 M⊙ , representing the mass scale of dwarfs to medium-mass elliptical galaxies, respectively, from deep MOND to quasi-Newtonian gravity. We build triaxial galaxy models using the Schwarzschild technique, and evolve the systems for 200 Keplerian dynamical times (at the typical length-scale of 1.0 kpc). We find that the systems are virial overheating, and in quasi-equilibrium with the relaxation taking approximately 5 Keplerian dynamical times (1.0 kpc). For all systems, the change of the inertial (kinetic) energy is less than 10 per cent (20 per cent) after relaxation. However, the central profile of the model is flattened during the relaxation and the (overall) axis ratios change by roughly 10 per cent within 200 Keplerian dynamical times (at 1.0 kpc) in our simulations. We further find that the systems are stable once they reach the equilibrium state. 相似文献
188.
Characterization of hydraulic suitability of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) spawning habitat in the Yangtze River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hydrodynamic flow fields affect the ecological processes such as the water diversity and the distribution of organisms. Understanding the hydrodynamic and ecological processes is critical for the restoration and protection of especially fragile ecological habitats in river systems. This study uses turbulent flow to characterize the ecological behaviour of Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in the Yangtze River. The Delft3D‐Flow model, which is first validated with field‐measured data, is used to simulate the flow field within spawning habitats of Chinese Sturgeon, downstream of Gezhouba Dam. The model‐simulated turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its distribution pattern are then used to characterize the hydraulic environment of the fish's spawning habitat. For the spawning habitat, downstream of Gezhouba Dam, the lower limit of TKE for the Chinese Sturgeon egg mass field is 0.025 m2/s2, which occurs at a velocity less than 1.7 m/s. Chinese Sturgeon prefers habitats with TKE range of 0.010 ~ 0.015 m2/s2 for resting. This suggests that discharge regimes provide the basis for ecological regulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the scientific reference for river management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
189.
A series of laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to examine the decomposition of algal organic matter in clay-enriched
marine sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions. During the 245-day incubation period, changes in the concentrations of TOC,
major algal fatty acid components (14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:5), and n-alkanes (C16–C23) were quantified in the samples. Our results indicate that the organic matters were degraded more rapidly in oxic than anoxic
conditions. Adsorption of fatty acids onto clay minerals was a rapid and reversible process. Using a simple G model, we calculated
the decomposition rate constants for TOC, n-alkanes and fatty acids which ranged from 0.017–0.024 d−1, 0.049–0.103 d−1 and 0.011 to 0.069 d−1, respectively. Algal organic matter degraded in two stages characterized by a fast and a slow degradation processes. The
addition of clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite to the sediments showed significant influence affecting the decomposition
processes of algal TOC and fatty acids by adsorption and incorporation of the compounds with clay particles. Adsorption/association
of fatty acids by clay minerals was rapid but appeared to be a slow reversible process. In addition to the sediment redox
and clay influence, the structure of the compounds also played important roles in affecting their degradation dynamic in sediments. 相似文献
190.
1IntroductionOne of the key factors related to basin geody-namics is deep process controlling formation and evolution of sedimentary basin. Depth and tempera-ture of asthenosphere,existence of mantle plume,occurrence of mantle melting,and amounts of melts under depressurization during thinning of lithosphere are controlling factors influenced formation and characteristics of extensional basin directly (Li,1994). Rifting is probably governed by frictional forces exerted on the base of litho… 相似文献