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41.
Kojiro Ando Masaki Kawabe Daigo Yanagimoto Shinzou Fujio 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(2):159-174
To clarify the global deep-water circulation in the northwest Pacific, we conducted current observations with seven moorings at 40°N east of Japan from May 2007 to October 2008, together with hydrographic observations. By analyzing the data, while taking into consideration that the deep circulation has a northward component in this region and carries low-silica, high-dissolved-oxygen water, we clarified that the deep circulation flows within the region between 144°30′ and 146°10′E at 40°N on and east of the eastern slope of the Japan Trench with marked variability; the deep circulation flows partly on the eastern slope of the trench and mainly to the east during P1 (10 May–24 November 2007), is confined to the eastern slope of the trench during P2 (25 November 2007–20 May 2008), and flows on and to the immediate east of the eastern slope of the trench during P3 (21 May–15 October 2008). Previous studies have identified two branches of the deep circulation at lower latitudes in the western North Pacific; one flows off the western trenches and the other detours near the Shatsky Rise. It was thus concluded that the eastern branch flows westward at 38°N and then northward to the east of the trench, finally joining the western branch around 40°N during P1 and P3, whereas the eastern branch passes westward south of 38°N, joins the western branch around 38°N, and flows northward on the eastern slope of the trench during P2. 相似文献
42.
Nagayoshi Ohashi Ryohei Kawabe Masato Ishiguro Masahiko Hayashi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,212(1-2):239-250
The Nobeyama Millimeter Array Survey for protoplanetary disks has been made for 19 protostellar IRAS sources in Taurus; 13 of them were optically invisible protostars and 6 were young T Tauri stars. We observed 98-GHz continuum and CS(J = 2 – 1) line emissions simultaneously with spatial resolutions of 2
.
8-8
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8 (360-1,200 AU). The continuum emission was detected from 5 out of 6 T Tauri stars and 2 out of 13 protostar candidates: the emission was not spatially resolved and was consistent with being originated from compact circumstellar disks. Extended CS emission was detected around 2 T Tauri stars and 11 protostar candidates. There is a remarkable tendency for the detectability of the 98-GHz continuum emission to be small for protostar candidates. This tendency is explained if the mass of protoplanetary disks around protostars is not as large as that around T Tauri stars; the disk mass may increase with the increase of central stellar mass by dynamical accretion in the course of evolution from protostars to T Tauri stars.Paper presented at the Conference onPlanetary Systems: Formation, Evolution, and Detection held 7–10 December, 1992 at CalTech, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. 相似文献
43.
Budak M-ae Liaw K-l Kawabe H 《International journal of population geography : IJPG》1996,2(2):133-152
"This paper uses a multivariate logit model to study the factors affecting the Japanese household heads' propensities to co-reside with elderly parents, based on the micro data of a 1986 national survey. Our major findings are as follows. The most important factors are (1) inheritance of house or residential land from parent; (2) parent's spouseless status and age; (3) household head's sibling status; and (4) household head's nativity status. In a multivariate context, the negative effect of the household head's level of education was significant but not very important, whereas the presence of a working wife with child had a very weak positive effect on the co-residence with parent. Our overall conclusion is that the intergenerational co-residence in Japan is strongly affected by cultural norms and has a strong rational (economic) basis." 相似文献
44.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) at the sea surface in Tokyo Bay was examined using monthly data during 1980–89. The long-term
mean and the annual-cycle amplitude of COD are largest in the northwestern region, decrease southward, and are smallest near
the entrance of the bay. Based on their spatial properties, Tokyo Bay was divided into northwest, northeast, southwest, and
southeast regions, named Regions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The time mean and the annual-cycle amplitude are large in Regions
1 and 2 but much less in Region 4, and are highly correlated in Region 1 + 2 + 4. The annual-cycle amplitude in Region 3 is
larger than that in Region 4, although the time mean is similar. The monthly long-term averages show a clear seasonal change
of COD, with a large increase from April to June, the maximum in June, and the minimum in December. After the maximum, COD
in Regions 1 and 3 (western side of the bay) decreases monotonically, while that in Regions 2 and 4 (eastern side) has a secondary
maximum in August. The phase of annual cycle lags southward from the head to the mouth of the bay with a maximum lag of about
one month. Anomalously large COD was observed in the western region of Tokyo Bay mostly in June, but never in the east and
from July to April. This is related to a high concentration of chlorophylla plus phaeo pigment and is likely caused by blooming of phytoplankton. Yearly mean COD was at a maximum in 1984 or 1985 and
decreased greatly after that. The annual frequency of the observed anomalous COD was large in 1981, 1983, and 1985, then decreased
abruptly, remaining small after 1985, possibly associated with low COD. 相似文献
45.
Masaki Kawabe 《Journal of Oceanography》1985,41(5):307-326
Differences in daily mean sea level between Kushimoto and Uragami and daily mean sea levels at Miyake-jima and HachijÔ-jima in the Izu Islands are examined during the 1964–1980 period, and characteristics of the typical paths of the Kuroshio corresponding to the dominant sea level states are described.Sea levels at the islands show three dominant states: high and low sea level states (45 % and 31 %) in the non-large-meander period (October 1963 –7 August 1975) and high sea level state (64 %) in the large-meander period (8 August 1975–15 March 1980). This indicates the existence of three typical paths of the Kuroshio, and the states correspond to the nearshore and offshore non-large-meander paths and the typical large-meander path, respectively. The first path is located near the coast throughout the whole southern area off Japan, the second path leaves the coast around the Izu Ridge and passes south of HachijÔ-jima, and the third path is located near the coast over the ridge after meandering far to the south of Enshû-nada.The positions of the three typical paths are almost the same in the farthest upstream and downstream regions south of Japan between 131E and 142E. The nearshore and offshore non-large-meander paths overlap between Kyûshû and the Kii Peninsula, being invariably close to the coast, while the typical large-meander path south of Shikoku is located offshore and changes its position meridionally.At the mid-depth of 400 m the nearshore non-large-meander and typical large-meander paths pass the Izu Ridge through the deep channel between Miyake-jima and HachijÔ-jima, while the offshore non-large-meander path passes through the deep region south of HachijÔjima. The path of the Kuroshio at mid-depth is well constrained by the bottom topography of the Izu Ridge. 相似文献
46.
The occurrence of the small meander of the Kuroshio, generated south of Kyushu and propagating eastward, was examined using
sea level data collected during 1961–1995 along the south coast of Japan. Intra-annual variation of the sea level was expanded
by the frequency domain empirical orthogonal function (FDEOF) modes, and it was found that the second and third modes are
useful for monitoring the generation and propagation of the small meander. The third FDEOF for periods of 10–100 days has
a phase reversal between Hosojima and Tosa-shimizu with significant amplitude west of Kushimoto, and the amplitude of its
time coefficient is large during the non-large-meander (NLM) period and has a significant peak when the small meander exists
southeast of Kyushu. The second FDEOF for periods of 20–80 days has a phase reversal between Kushimoto and Uragami, and the
amplitude of its time coefficient is large when the small meander propagates to the south of Shikoku. The third FDEOF mode
allowed us to conclude that the small meander occurred 42 times from July 1961 to May 1995, most of them (38) occurring during
the NLM periods. The second FDEOF mode permits the conclusion that half of the 38 small meanders reached south of Shikoku.
Of these, five small meanders influenced transitions of the Kuroshio path from the nearshore NLM path; one caused the offshore
NLM path and four brought about the large meander. About one-tenth of the total number of small meanders are related to the
formation of the large meander. 相似文献
47.
Interannual Variations of Sea Level at the Nansei Islands and Volume Transport of the Kuroshio Due to Wind Changes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Masaki Kawabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):189-205
Interannual variations of sea level at the Nansei Islands and volume transport of the Kuroshio during 1967–95 are calculated by integrating variations carried by windforced Rossby waves. Effects of eddy dissipation and ocean ridges are considered. Ridge effect is inferred by comparing between the calculated and observed sea levels. The calculation is satisfactory to sea levels and Kuroshio transport for the whole period. They are mostly caused by Rossby waves forced by wind and modified by the ridges, and are due to barotropic wave primarily and the first baroclinic wave secondly. The calculated Kuroshio transport well represents variations of several-year scales with maximums in respective duration of the large meander (LM) of the Kuroshio, as well as bi-decadal variation that transport was small during the non-LM period of 1967–75 and large during the LM-dominant period of 1975–91. Mean volume transport of the subtropical gyre is estimated at 57 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s–1) and divided by the Nansei Shoto Ridge into those of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (25.5 Sv) and a subsurface current east of this ridge (31.5 Sv). The Subtropical Countercurrent and a southward deep current east of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge are estimated at 16 Sv and 7 Sv, respectively. The calculated transports of the Kuroshio and other subtropical currents reach maximums at every El Niño event due to strong excitement of upwelling barotropic Rossby wave. 相似文献
48.
Midori Kawabe Hiroshi Kohno Takashi IshimaruOsamu Baba Naho HorimotoReiko Ikeda Jota KandaTakafumi Kudo Masaji MatsuyamaMasato Moteki Yayoi OshimaTsuyoshi Sasaki 《Marine Policy》2009
This paper reviews the initial phase of a coastal education for sustainable development program for Edomae, the innermost reaches of Tokyo Bay. The program has been steered by a working group of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology faculty members from different academic backgrounds. Although the process began with conventional educational ideas, the ESD practice framework evolved to include more interactive activities. The overall goal is to pursue discussions of a plan for the sustainable use of Tokyo Bay in the coastal communities through a university–community partnership by developing Edomae ESD leaders in the coastal community. 相似文献
49.
50.
Characteristics of variations of water properties and density structure around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Quarterly data of CTD at the PN line in the East China Sea during 1988–94 were analyzed to examine the variations of water
properties and density structure in relation to the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio flows over the continental slope at the PN line.
Water properties in the surface layer less than 100 db change greatly and show a clear seasonal cycle, while those in the
subsurface layer are much less variable. The small isobaric variations in the subsurface layer are almost due to the vertical
movement of isopycnals, on which the water properties vary little. The subsurface variations of salinity, temperature and
isopycnal depth are classified into four groups occurring in the four regions, divided vertically by the middle of the main
pycnocline and horizontally by the offshore edge of the Kuroshio, named Groups 1 (upper Kuroshio), 2 (upper offshore region),
3 (lower Kuroshio), and 4 (lower offshore region). The difference in averaged isopycnal depth between Groups 1 and 2 (3 and
4) is highly correlated with the vertical shear of the Kuroshio velocity in the upper (lower) pycnocline. The isopycnal depth
of Groups 1 and 3 has little annual cycle (with large intraseasonal variations in Group 3), while that of Groups 2 and 4 shows
a clear seasonal variation with the minimum in fall. As a result, the Kuroshio velocity is smallest in fall almost every year,
although the amplitude of seasonal variation and the season of maximum velocity are different from year to year. Interannual
variations of isopycnal depth are characterized by a large amplitude of Group 2 and an opposite phase between Groups 3 and
4, so that the variations of difference in isopycnal depth between Groups 1 and 2 and Groups 3 and 4, i.e., the upper and
lower shear of the Kuroshio velocity, are comparably significant. 相似文献