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71.
Aya?HagishimaEmail author Jun?Tanimoto Ken-ich?Narita 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,117(3):551-576
The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) of an urban canopy is a crucial parameter for estimating the turbulent heat
flux in an urban area. We compared recent experimental research on the CHTC and the mass transfer coefficient (MTC) of urban
surfaces in the field and in wind tunnels. Our findings are summarised as follows.
Although there is some agreement in the measured values, our overall understanding of the CHTC remains too low for accurate
modelling of urban climate. 相似文献
(1) | In full-scale measurements on horizontal building roofs, the CHTC is sensitive to the height of the reference wind speed for heights below 1.5 m but is relatively independent of roof size. |
(2) | In full-scale measurements of vertical building walls, the dependence of the CHTC on wind speed is significantly influenced by the choice of the measurement position and wall size. The CHTC of the edge of the building wall is much higher than that near the centre. |
(3) | In spite of differences of the measurement methods, wind-tunnel experiments of the MTC give similar relations between the ratio of street width to canopy height in the urban canopy. Moreover, this relationship is consistent with known properties of the flow regime of an urban canopy. |
(4) | Full-scale measurements on roofs result in a non-dimensional CHTC several tens of times greater than that in scale-model experiments with the same Reynolds number. |
72.
73.
Seasonality in particle motion of microseisms 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
74.
75.
Naoki Ikegaya Aya Hagishima Jun Tanimoto Yudai Tanaka Ken-ichi Narita Sheikh Ahmad Zaki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,143(2):357-377
We performed a series of wind-tunnel experiments under neutral conditions in order to create a comprehensive database of scalar
transfer coefficients for street surfaces using regular block arrays representing an urban environment. The objective is to
clarify the geometric dependence of scalar transfer phenomena on rough surfaces. In addition, the datasets we have obtained
are necessary to improve the modelling of scalar transfer used for computational simulations of urban environments; further,
we can validate the results obtained by numerical simulations. We estimated the scalar transfer coefficients using the salinity
method. The various configurations of the block arrays were designed to be similar to those used in a previous experiment
to determine the total drag force acting on arrays. Our results are summarized as follows: first, the results for cubical
arrays showed that the transfer coefficients for staggered and square layouts varied with the roughness packing density. The
results for the staggered layout showed the possibility that the mixing effect of air can be enhanced for the mid-range values
of the packing density. Secondly, the transfer coefficients for arrays with blocks of non-uniform heights were smaller than
those for arrays with blocks of uniform height under conditions of low packing density; however, as the packing density increased,
the opposite tendency was observed. Thirdly, the randomness of rotation angles of the blocks in the array led to increasing
values of the transfer coefficients under sparse packing density conditions when compared with those for cubical arrays. 相似文献