高精度边角网数据采集与处理系统的设计与实现

在水利、桥隧等工程施工和形变监测中,特别是在山区,GPS网的精度往往不能满足设计要求,一般需要布设地面边角网,采用高精度智能型全站仪进行数据的采集。本文从一体化测量作业模式的设计思想出发,基于VB．NET和数据库技术,研究设计了高精度地面边角网外业数据采集与处理系统,实现了边角数据的自动化采集和处理。     

一种基于CORS的GNSS事后精密定位服务平台建设方法

针对CORS服务的通信信号盲区定位和高精度静态定位解算需求等问题,提出了一种基于Internet的数据加密推送和Bernese自动数据解算的GNSS事后精密定位服务平台建设方法,采用数据处理与用户服务分离方案,突破了并发用户请求的数量限制,并采用定位结果动态偏移及传输文件动态加密的双重加密方法,确保了信息安全。实测数据试验结果表明,平台数据处理结果精度、时效性和稳定性较好,可向用户提供厘米至毫米级GNSS事后精密定位服务。     

考虑应力变化速率的岩石脆性评价指标

脆性作为岩石的重要的力学指标,对深部岩体性态评价以及灾害预防具有重要意义。岩石应力−应变曲线能够很好地表征岩石的脆性。考虑到现有基于应力−应变曲线的脆性指标大多都只对曲线的一部分进行分析,且少有指标能够准确地应用于岩石II类曲线中,对整体判断的缺乏可能会导致工程应用上适应性及可靠性不足的情况。针对现有脆性指标普遍存在的物理意义模糊、评估结果与岩石脆性的关系非连续等问题,综合考量岩石应力−应变曲线中峰前应力上升速率、峰后应力跌落速率以及峰值点应变值对岩石脆性的影响,提出了一种物理意义明确、计算结果与岩石脆性之间的关系是单调且连续的岩石脆性指数计算方法。选取国内外常用脆性指标对锦屏II级水电站大理岩和某铁路隧道花岗岩、变质砂岩以及片麻岩的单轴压缩试验数据进行脆性评价后进行比较,验证了指标的适用性。进一步将提出的指标应用于常规三轴试验条件下大理岩脆性分析,结果表明,该指标不仅能够量化和分类不同岩石的脆性特征,还能表征围压对岩石脆性的抑制作用。     

高钢级绳索取心钻杆管材残余应力的初步研究

有观点认为管材的残余应力是绳索取心钻杆非正常损坏的诱因之一。据此采用环切法对不同热处理和矫直工艺的冷拔绳索取心管材制造过程中的残余应力进行了检测比对,认为冷拔管材制造环节产生的残余应力是存在的,也是可控的。只要制造工艺措施得当,可以将高钢级合金管材的残余应力控制在可接受范围内;合格管材出厂时存在较高残余应力造成的钻杆折断等事故较为罕见。应从管材制造、钻杆加工、现场使用等方面入手,努力降低钻杆断裂事故。     

The Oil-Bearing Pore Size Distribution of Lacustrine Shale from E2S42 Sub-Member in Damintun Sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

<正>1 Introduction There is a set of organic rich shale at E22S4sub-member in damnintun sag.The organic material is typically type I.In recent years,breakthrough was obtained in shale oil exploration.The wettability of organic and inorganic pore is different.As a result,the mobility of oil in organic and inorganic pore is different.So it’s necessary to distinguish     

1984—2014年北京地区不透水地表的时空变化及其温度效应研究

研究城市地表覆盖与地表温度（LST）的关系对改善城市生态环境具有重要科学意义。在Landsat TM数据支持下,利用线性光谱混合分析模型提取不透水地表信息,结合LST和地表热通量,分析不透水地表覆盖度（ISA）和LST的时空变化特征及其相互关系,探讨不透水地表对LST的影响机理。结果表明:1984—2014年北京不透水地表面积迅速增长,中覆盖度比例下降,高覆盖度比例增加;LST从市中心向郊区递减,高温区向外扩张;LST和ISA呈显著正相关,但不是简单的线性关系;ISA处于0.6~0.9时LST上升速率最快,减少ISA在此范围内的不透水地表集中分布可缓解高温区集中的现象。     

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Stnicture Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, are established by the finite element method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite element method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.     

Preliminary study on the spore-pollen assemblages found in the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Grove Mountains, east Antarctica and its climatic implications

Glaciogene sedimentary rocks have been found in modem tills of the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica during the 1998 - 1999 Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHNARE）. Based on the lithilogic and sedimentary features, these sedimentary rocks are correlated with Cenozoic sedimentary strata of the Pagodroma Group in the neighboring Prince Charles Mountains and the Sorsdal Formation in VestFold Hills. Sedimentary clasts contain sparsely Late Tertiary spores and pollens, including ： Toroisporis （ Lygodiaceae）, Osmunda, Granulatisporites （ Pteridaceae？） , Polypodiaceae, Podocarpus , Araucariaceae, Artemisia , Rhus , Nothofagidites , Proteacidites （Proteaceae） , Quercus , Fraxinoipollenites （ Oleaceae ） , Oleoidearumpollenites（ Oleaceae ）, Operculumpollis, and Tricolpopollenites. Most of the pollen and spores contained in these samples originate from local sources according to the conditions of their preservations as well as correlations with the microfossil assemblages found in the neighboring areas. The majority of the pollen assemblages, as represented by Podocarpus and Nothofagus, belong to the Weddellian biogeocenose, however some exotic components from the old sedimentary basement rocks may have been included during erosion of the proximal ice sheet. If the source areas of glaciogenic sedimentary rocks that bear the pollen and spores are assumed to be local, or in the up glacier areas, the pollen assemblages in these samples might represent an inland flora during a warmer period of the ice-sheet evolutionary history. The finding of the Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae in the pollen assemblages implies that they may belong to late Tertiary （most probably Pliocene）. The absence of diatoms in the samples analyzed may indicate that there are no Cenozoic marine strata in the interior of the east Antarctica beyond the Grove Mountains. The significances of the finding of the Nothofagus in these pollen assemblages are discussed on the basis of current knowledge about the age, distribution and ecological conditions of this kind of fossils found in Sirius Group or other strata outcropped in Antarctica. As a preliminary conclusion, we think that the existence of the Cenozoic glaciogenenic rocks and their pollen assemblages present new evidence for a large scale glacial retreat history in Grove Mountains of east Antarctica, and thus support a dynamic East Antarctic Ice Sheet （EAIS）. This is consistent with the interpretations of Webb et al. （1984）.     

基于GPS非差技术近实时获取对流层延迟

本文提出一种近实时获取高精度对流层延迟(Zenith Tropospheric Delay,ZTD)的方法。该方法基于全球GPS参考站网络的非差观测值数据和IGU预报产品(卫星轨道和ERP),使用GPS非差技术和卡尔曼滤波近实时估计各参考站的高精度ZTD。将该方法应用于香港GPS参考站网得到的ZTD与基于事后技术计算的ZTD进行比较后发现,两者的平均偏差均优于5mm,RMS均优于6mm。     

长距离网络RTK参考站间双差模糊度快速解算算法

提出了一种长距离网络RTK参考站间双差整周模糊度快速解算方法,该方法利用双频载波相位模糊度间的线性关系确定宽巷模糊度,然后选取双频载波相位的备选模糊度组合,通过计算参考站间对流层误差和轨道误差等非色散误差,对双频载波相位整周模糊度进行搜索。实验结果表明,此方法能够快速、可靠地解算长距离参考站间的双差整周模糊度。