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181.
182.
改变桩截面形状,增加桩周面积,可提高桩承载力,因此导致了异形截面桩的诞生。目前我国研究较多的多种异形截面桩如X桩、Y桩等,均是采用全长等截面的异形截面模管沉管成桩。由于这些异形截面模管抗变形能力相对较弱,在应用到长桩或超长桩的施工上可能会受到一定的限制。十字形桩成桩模管为底部加翼的圆形截面钢模管,抗变形能力强,能成大桩长桩或超长桩、混凝土素桩或钢筋混凝土桩、挤土桩或非挤土桩,既可用于地基处理,也可作为基桩施工。非挤土桩成桩时,采用专用管内取土装置,施工快捷,成桩效率高,成本低。 相似文献
183.
As shown in comparisons of the characteristics of inter-annual and inter-decadal variability and
periodical changes in the number of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific by three
major forecast centers, i.e. China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized
Meteorological Center of Tokyo (JMA) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of Guam, there are the
following important points. (1) Climatology of tropical cyclone (TC) or typhoon (TC on the intensity of TS
or stronger) shows some difference in tropical cyclone frequency among the centers, which is more notable
with TC than with typhoon. Both of them are more at the database of CMA than at those of the other two
centers. (2) The difference is too significant to ignore in the inter-annual variability of tropical cyclone
frequency between CMA and JTWC, which mainly results from the obvious difference in the inter-annual
variability of the number of generated tropical depression (TD) between the two databases. The difference
is small in the inter-annual variability of TS formations among all the three databases, and consistence is
good between JMA and CMA or JTWC. (3) Though differences are not significant in the periodical
variation of TC formations between CMA and JTWC, they are markedly apart in the inter-decadal
variability, which is mainly shown by an anti-phase during the 1990s. (4) Non-homogeneity may exist
around the late stage of the 1960s in the data of tropical cyclone frequency. 相似文献
184.
Xuechun LUO Xiao TANG Haoyue WANG Lei KONG Huangjian WU Weiguo WANG Yating SONG Hongyan LUO Yao WANG Jiang ZHU Zifa WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):601-618
In recent years, China has implemented several measures to improve air quality. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region is one area that has suffered from the most serious air pollution in China and has undergone huge changes in air quality in the past few years. How to scientifically assess these change processes remain the key issue in further improving the air quality over this region in the future. To evaluate the changes in major air pollutant emissions over this region, this paper employs ens... 相似文献
185.
利用CAMS的1 m~3等温云室系统筛选出新型高效AgI焰剂WMC-IN-001和WMG-IN-002。检测结果表明,它们具有较高的成核率,在-15℃时达到10~(15)g~(-1)AgI量级,尤其在-7℃时WMC-IN-001的成核率仍可达到10~(14)g~(-1)AgI量级。同时给出对节银剂配方和2011年市场上主要的几种催化剂的检测结果进行对比。WMC-IN-001和WMC-IN-002的成冰速率较慢,在各检测温度的成冰速率差异较小,均在40~55 min。利用冷场发射扫描电镜和能谱仪对WMC-IN-001燃烧产生的气溶胶粒子作了物化特征分析,粒子分布在0.02~0.60μm,具有两个典型的模态:0.02~0.10μm的较小的粒子和0.20~0.55μm的较大的粒子,均立方直径为0.2472μm。WMC-IN-001气溶胶粒子明显偏大,小粒子相对较少,这可能是其成冰速率偏慢的原因之一。 相似文献
186.
In this paper, the numerical simulation bias of the non-hydrostatic version GRAPES-Meso (Mesoscale of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) at the resolution of 0.18o for a torrential rain case, which happened in May 31st to June 1st 2005 over Hunan province, are diagnosed and investigated by using the radiosondes, intensive surface observation, and the operational global analysis data, and the sensitivity experimental results as well. It is shown in the result that the GRAPES-Meso could reproduce quite well the main features of large-cale circulation and the distribution of the accumulated 24h precipitation and the key locations of the torrential rainfall are captured reasonably well by the model. However, bias exist in the simulation of the mesoscale features of the torrential rain and details of the relevant systems, for example, the simulated rainfall that is too earlier in model integration and remarkable underprediction of the peak value of rainfall rates over the heaviest rainfall region, the weakness of the upper jet simulation and the overprediction of the south-west wind in the lower troposphere etc. The investigation reveals that the sources of the simulation bias are different. The erroneous model rainfall in the earlier integration stage over the heaviest rainfall region is induced by the model initial condition bias of the wind field at about 925hPa over the torrential rainfall region, where the bias grow rapidly and spread upward to about 600hPa level within the few hours into the integration and result in abnormal convergence of the wind and moisture, and thus the unreal rainfall over that region. The large bias on the simulated rainfall intensity over the heaviest rainfall region might be imputed to the following combined factors of (1) the simulation bias on the strength and detailed structures of the upper-level jet core which bring about significant underpredictions of the dynamic conditions (including upper-level divergence and the upward motion) for heavy rainfall due to unfavorable mesoscale vertical coupling between the strong upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence; and (2) the inefficient coupling of the cumulous parameterization scheme and the explicit moisture in the integration, which causes the failure of the explicit moisture scheme in generating grid-scale rainfall in a certain extent through inadequate convective adjustment and feedback to the grid-scale. In addition, the interaction of the combined two factors could form a negative feedback to the rainfall intensity simulation, and eventually lead to the obvious underprediction of the rainfall rate. 相似文献
187.
Land surface temperature(LST) is one of the most important factors in the land-atmosphere interaction process. Raw measured LSTs may contain biases due to instrument replacement, changes in recording procedures, and other non-climatic factors. This study attempts to reduce the above biases in raw daily measurements and achieves a homogenized daily LST dataset over China using 2360 stations from 1960 through 2017. The high-quality land surface air temperature(LSAT)dataset is used to correct the LST warming biases especially evident during cold months in regions north of 40°N due to the replacement of observation instruments around 2004. Subsequently, the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization(MASH) method is adopted to detect and then adjust the daily observed LST records. In total, 3.68 × 103 effective breakpoints in 1.65 × 106 monthly records(about 20%) are detected. A large number of these effective breakpoints are located over large parts of the Sichuan Basin and southern China. After the MASH procedure, LSTs at more than 80% of the breakpoints are adjusted within +/– 0.5°C, and of the remaining breakpoints, only 10% are adjusted over 1.5°C.Compared to the raw LST dataset over the whole domain, the homogenization significantly reduces the mean LST magnitude and its interannual variability as well as its linear trend at most stations. Finally, we perform preliminary analysis upon the homogenized LST and find that the annual mean LST averaged across China shows a significant warming trend [0.22°C(10 yr)–1]. The homogenized LST dataset can be further adapted for a variety of applications(e.g.,model evaluation and extreme event characterization). 相似文献
188.
2011年江苏出梅日界定之我见 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用实况观测数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2011年江苏出梅日的界定进行探讨,并将7月4 -20日的低温高湿多雨、寡照的异常气候判定为“倒黄梅”,在此基础上,对比分析了2011年和2009年的两次“倒黄梅”天气过程.结果表明:(1)2011年江苏出梅日为6月30日;(2)出梅后的7月4-20日是“倒黄梅”天气过程;(3)北上台风对梅雨和“倒黄梅”结束具有重要的指示意义;(4)“倒黄梅”和梅雨(含“二度梅”)的天气特点为:前者冷暖空气频繁交替、雨带多经向分布、中低空温湿场反位相配置,常为低温高湿的局地对流性降水;而后者冷暖空气稳定对峙、雨带多纬向分布、中低空温湿场同位相配置,常为高温高湿的大范围稳定性降水. 相似文献
189.
利用2004年商丘市5次冰雹过程资料,分析了产生冰雹的天气形势、不稳定能量、涡度、湿度、垂直速度及雷达回波特征. 相似文献
190.
2003年汛期3种中尺度数值预报模式降水预报检验 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用2003年汛期降水实况及河南省气象台引进的3种中尺度数值预报模式(REM、MM5、MAPS)的降水预报资料,对模式预报性能作了检验对比分析。结果发现:REM模式对于大雨以上降水的预报效果较好;MAPS模式的12h预报有明显优势;MM5模式对小雨和中雨的预报效果较好,并且预报结果具有稳定性。 相似文献