喀拉海沉积物中高度分散的矿物

喀拉海沉积物中高度分散的矿物З．Н．ГорＧунова近年来北极海吸引了广大研究者的注意。这些海盆由于很难进入,所以至今研究程度不够。但正是在这些地方,有可能解决许多气候学、生态学、古海洋学等基础问题。喀拉海沉积层的岩石—矿物学研究是这一研究计划的一...     

海区含油气性远景的地质——地球化学研究内容

可靠地运用于大陆研究工作实践的、理论上制定的有关含油气盆地的学说,在应用于海区时经常缺少对海底地质构造及内部地球化学机制特征应有的评估。根据我们的观点,在分析海底可能的含油气性时,具有原则性意义,该区沉积物实质性的特征是：沉积盖层的地貌构造和内部结构...     

在南极洲将进行超记录钻探

为了完成大型国际冰川研究计划,以新西兰惠灵顿大学的Ｐ．Ｂａｒｅｔ为首的来自澳大利亚、英国、德国、意大利、新西兰和美国的５０名地球物理学家和地质学家来到了南极洲。工作的目的是研究罗斯海沿海和西南极横断山脉地区的古气候和古地史。将近５０ｔ重的钻探设施从美...     

阿拉斯加的冰川在缩小

美国阿拉斯加州立大学地球物理研究所分析了20世纪50年代中期至90年代中期阿拉斯加67条冰川的激光航空高程测量资料。了解到在这段时间内,冰川盖层的厚度平均每年减少0．52m。如果将这个数值外推到所有阿拉斯加的冰川,则换算成水的冰川年总融解量     

成功预报厄尔尼诺

2002年初,美国国家气象局气候预报中心的一批海洋学家和气候学家预测3～6个月之后在太平洋赤道地区将有一次新的厄尔尼诺。     

碳酸盐岩平台和海平面升降

35年前建立的描述最近2亿年间海平面升降的瓦依尔(Vail)曲线需要核实和细分。为此最合适的研究对象之一是水下碳酸盐平台,后者在高海平面时期由于沉积物在其上的堆积而生长,而当海平面下降时则停止生长。     

西北非深海边缘--潜在的含油气区

在西北大西洋盆地以外范围内 ,可划分出以下沉积盆地 :西摩洛哥、塔尔法亚—艾伊翁和塞内加尔。这些盆地的深海边缘被认为是潜在的烃类聚集区。对地质—地球化学资料和钻探岩心的分析证明了这个地区潜在的含油气可能性。具有巨厚的沉积层 (3～ 9km) ,存在着大量的局部构造 ,雄厚的亚尔俾—赛诺曼期生油母岩 ,在以下地段存在圈闭和阻挡层 :①下白垩统下部砂层 ,并被作为盖层的深海页岩覆盖 ;②下白垩统上部分级生成物 ,如浊积岩和冲积物碎片 ;③由亚尔俾—赛诺曼期页岩补给和覆盖的亚普第冲积锥的砂层 ;④被始新统—渐新统页岩覆盖的古新统—…     

南极洲的山峰

森蒂纳尔山脉的谢恩 峰是南极大陆的第3高度(从1960年代起,在所有的图件、图册和手册中的标高为海平面以上4 800 m)。但不久前,两位登山运动员,澳大利亚的GildeaD和智利的Fica R登上该山的顶峰并推翻了这个说法。在连续不断的7 h内,他们在将近零下30℃的气温和25 km/h的风速中顽强地前进,而最后的数十米是沿着50°～60°的不稳定冰面爬上去的。     

Geomasking sensitive health data and privacy protection: an evaluation using an E911 database

Geomasking is used to provide privacy protection for individual address information while maintaining spatial resolution for mapping purposes. Donut geomasking and other random perturbation geomasking algorithms rely on the assumption of a homogeneously distributed population to calculate displacement distances, leading to possible under-protection of individuals when this condition is not met. Using household data from 2007, we evaluated the performance of donut geomasking in Orange County, North Carolina. We calculated the estimated k-anonymity for every household based on the assumption of uniform household distribution. We then determined the actual k-anonymity by revealing household locations contained in the county E911 database. Census block groups in mixed-use areas with high population distribution heterogeneity were the most likely to have privacy protection below selected criteria. For heterogeneous populations, we suggest tripling the minimum displacement area in the donut to protect privacy with a less than 1% error rate.     

Massive sedimentation of fine sediment with organic matter and enhanced benthic-pelagic coupling by an artificial dyke in semi-enclosed Chonsu Bay, Korea

To assess the impact of an artificial dyke in Chonsu Bay (CBD) on the organic carbon (C(org)) cycle, we measured excess (210)Pb activities, C(org) and nitrogen content in sediment cores. The C(org) oxidation rates (C(ox)) on the surface sediment and benthic nutrient fluxes were also quantified with an in situ benthic chamber. The higher excess (210)Pb inventory, C(org) and nitrogen in cores near the CBD indicated lateral transport and local, massive deposition of particulate matter due to tidal circulation altered by artificial dyke construction. The C(ox) in sediment near the CBD was about twice as high as that out of the bay, suggesting the importance of benthic remineralization of organic matter. The benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate were four to six times higher than those outside the bay, corresponding to 141% and 131% respectively, of the requirements for primary production.