二叠纪——三叠纪绝灭事件：——加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省有机δ13C证据

二叠纪－三叠纪（Ｐ－Ｔ）绝灭事件，通过对不列颠歌伦比亚东北部威尼斯顿湖盆地海相层序中，保存完好的沉积岩的元素和同位素有机地球化学数据的分析研究，得到了地球化学方面的证实。岩石中干酷根的δ＾１３Ｃ值，在Ｐ－Ｔ界线上显示出突然的漂移，即从晚二叠世最晚斯的－２９‰±１‰（ＰＤＢ）到Ｐ－Ｔ界线之上约２ｍ处一３２．６‰的最小值，接着在Ｐ－Ｔ界线之上４ｍ处恢复到二叠纪的δ＾１３Ｃ。综合考虑各种因素之后，我们认     

日本釜石矿山的矽卡岩形成时稀土元素的习性

本文叙述的是釜石矿山的Ｎｉｐｐｏ和Ｓｈｉｎｙａｍａ矿术带状矽卡岩中稀土元素的分布习性。带状矽卡岩在长岩和石岩中同样发育，但矽卡岩中稀土的丰度从闪长岩这边到石灰岩那边逐渐降低所有矽卡岩的稀土元素含量都比闪长岩中更低，也就是说矽卡岩的稀土元素来源于闪长岩，而热液流体中不增加或少量增加矽卡岩中的稀土元素的含量。     

不过水就可測水面寬的几何方法

为了測定至对岸水边綫的水面寬度,或测定至岸边冰、浮冰或浮标的水面距离,以及当進行水文地理、水文測驗和測量工作时都可采用这个方法(圖1)。     

希腊北部沃里诺斯奥菲奥杂岩的铬铁矿化

希腊北部出露一个大的原地奥菲奥杂岩,呈侵入接触,并具有明显的由辉闪苦橄岩到枕状熔岩的岩石序列.许多筒状和异离体型铬铁矿矿化作用与超基性岩浆固结过程中含铬铁矿纯橄岩的晚期贯入作用有关.     

Integrating GB and US census microdata for studying the impact of family migration on partnered women's labour market status

This paper investigates the problems in integrating different data sets for social science research. A cross-national analysis of the effects of family migration on labor market participation rates for female partners was used as an example to concretize these problems. The data used in the cross national analysis came from the 1991 British Census Sample of Anonymised Records and the 1990 United States Public Use Microdata Sample. The problems addressed were the following: data collection; manipulation and reliability; question type and definition; and measurement of individual and family variables. As part of the analysis, some empirical findings were also presented. Significant overall differences between the US and Great Britain (GB) samples were observed, particularly concerning graduate qualifications, marital and employment status, and ethnic group. There were higher numbers of married partners and full-time workers in the US sample, while female partners undertaking part-time employment were greater in GB. Furthermore, the US sample had more couples with a female graduate as compared with the GB sample who had a higher proportion of nongraduate couples. Finally, this paper recognized the importance of cross- national research in the evaluation of national ideological and institutional structures.     

直接解释地表地质构造的重力异常剖面的近似方法

前言关于求解引起重力异常的地质体形状的问题,在一般情况下还没有直接的解法.对这种问题.为了求得严格的解必须求助于尝试法(迭代法).对于二度地质体,博特(1960)、福尔尼埃和克鲁皮卡(1973)等人曾较详细地讨论过这一问题.对某些理想化的物体,斯基尔斯(1963)还提出了估计最大深度的方法.对于异常地质体的一般形状和密度差作     

The possible influences of the increasing anthropogenic emissions in India on tropospheric ozone and OH

A 3-D chemical transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the influences of the increasing anthropogenic emission in India. The model is capable of reproducing the observational results of the INDOEX experiment and the measurements in summer over India well. The model results show that when NOx and CO emissions in India are doubled, ozone concentration increases, and global average OH decreases a little. Under the effects of the Indian summer monsoon, NOx and CO in India are efficiently transported into the middle and upper troposphere by the upward current and the convective activities so that the NOx, CO, and ozone in the middle and upper troposphere significantly increase with the increasing NOx and CO emissions. These increases extensively influence a part of Asia, Africa, and Europe, and persist from June to September.     

Gonadal histology and serum vitellogenin levels of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus from the Northern Pacific Ocean--absence of endocrine disruption bio-indicators

Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as organochlorines have been detected in a large number of marine fish. Histological observation of the gonads, measurement of serum vitellogenin (VTG) level and of liver polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content were performed to evaluate the reproductive health and the contamination with endocrine disruptors in bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus, collected in the northern Pacific Ocean in 1999 and 2000. Abnormalities commonly found in species affected by endocrine disruptors such as the presence of oocytes in the testis or elevated serum VTG levels were not found in any of males examined. Both males and females had only small amounts of liver PCB content. The results suggest that currently there is little if any risk of organochlorine contamination or endocrine disruption of gonadal function in bigeye tuna from the northern Pacific Ocean. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the health status of the open sea fishery resources.     

Approaches to environmental restoration of a polluted harbour with submerged archaeology: the Alexandria case study

Many invaluable underwater buildings of archaeological interest in Alexandria were discovered in 1996 at different sites in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria. There is a belief that the best way to protect these invaluable heritages is to transfer them to an underwater park or museum. Obviously, the execution of such a project depends essentially upon the water quality (including water transparency) improving in the future. The harbour is presently polluted by discharge of wastewater effluents from different sources. It has recently been decided to restore this important coastal area through: (1) stopping the direct discharge of wastewater effluents into this semi-enclosed harbour in 1993 and (2) gradually reducing the discharge of the municipal wastewater through marine outfalls at two sites lying at the outer sides of the harbour. Zero discharge is expected to be effective by the end of the year 2001. The present work, therefore, is a follow up of the study of water quality in the harbour after 1993: in 1996 and 1999-2000. The water quality of an open sea reference station was also studied for comparison. The results reveal occurrence of an improvement of the environmental conditions in the harbour. The water has turned from being eutrophic to mesotrophic. The harbour is expected to become meso/oligotrophic as soon as the complete cessation of the discharge from the two outside sources is attained.