Spatial geochemistry of a Carboniferous platform-margin-to-basin transect: Balancing environmental and diagenetic factors

Conventional (one-dimensional) chemostratigraphy of marine carbonates assesses the chemical archive of individual stratigraphic sections and their correlation in space and time. Whereas this approach has shown to be of value when linking isobathymetric domains, usually characterised by similar facies, more caution is needed when correlations are extended across different physiographic settings and hence different facies belts. Here, the spatial geochemical record of Pennsylvanian platform-margin-to-basin transects across a bathymetric range of about 800 m is documented and discussed in a process-oriented context. Particularly, the presence of layered palaeo-water masses and their potential control on slope facies distribution and geochemical properties requires attention. Whereas Carboniferous thermo- and/or chemo-clines most likely affected depth-related slope facies zonation, it was facies change and hence, variances in porosity–permeability properties, that controlled differential early burial diagenetic alteration. Specifically, the lower-slope related breccia facies is characterised by higher volumes of early burial carbonate cements. This implies that these sediments entered the shallow-burial domain with a considerable open pore space and gave way to an increased rock:fluid ratio. Whereas the δ¹³C record is invariant with bathymetry, the more diagenesis-sensitive δ¹⁸O proxy, records pronounced shifts observed across major facies boundaries. From this it is concluded that although the primary controlling factor of slope facies distribution with depth is probably palaeoceanographic in nature, it is differential rock:fluid ratios that control the first-order, spatial shifts in δ¹⁸O composition. These findings show that one-dimensional chemostratigraphy will severely underestimate the complexity of three-dimensional (bathymetric) data sets across platform margins. This is of relevance for the interpretation of the geochemical archive of fossil carbonate platforms in general.     

Objectives of fisheries management: case studies from the UK, France, Spain and Denmark

The main objectives of fisheries management are generally similar throughout the world. These are often stated in policy documents such as the Common Fisheries Policy and the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. However, at the local level often the key objectives of management are more detailed, characterised by both the overriding management structure and the status and type of fishery concerned. In this paper, we consider case study fisheries from the UK, France, Spain and Denmark to compare some of the various types of fisheries and fisheries management systems that exist in the European Union. From this, we define the key objectives for each management system.     

Photometric,spectral phase and temperature effects on 4 Vesta and HED meteorites: Implications for the Dawn mission

Phase angle and temperature are two important parameters that affect the photometric and spectral behavior of planetary surfaces in telescopic and spacecraft data. We have derived photometric and spectral phase functions for the Asteroid 4 Vesta, the first target of the Dawn mission, using ground-based telescopes operating at visible and near-infrared wavelengths (0.4–2.5 μm). Photometric lightcurve observations of Vesta were conducted on 15 nights at a phase angle range of 3.8–25.7° using duplicates of the seven narrowband Dawn Framing Camera filters (0.4–1.0 μm). Rotationally resolved visible (0.4–0.7 μm) and near-IR spectral observations (0.7–2.5 μm) were obtained on four nights over a similar phase angle range. Our Vesta photometric observations suggest the phase slope is between 0.019 and 0.029 mag/deg. The G parameter ranges from 0.22 to 0.37 consistent with previous results (e.g., Lagerkvist, C.-I., Magnusson, P., Williams, I.P., Buontempo, M.E., Argyle, R.W., Morrison, L.V. [1992]. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 94, 43–71; Piironen, J., Magnusson, P., Lagerkvist, C.-I., Williams, I.P., Buontempo, M.E., Morrison, L.V. [1997]. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 121, 489–497; Hasegawa, S. et al. [2009]. Lunar Planet. Sci. 40. ID 1503) within the uncertainty. We found that in the phase angle range of 0° < α ? 25° for every 10° increase in phase angle Vesta’s visible slope (0.5–0.7 μm) increases 20%, Band I and Band II depths increase 2.35% and 1.5% respectively, and the BAR value increase 0.30. Phase angle spectral measurements of the eucrite Moama in the lab show a decrease in Band I and Band II depths and BAR from the lowest phase angle 13° to 30°, followed by possible small increases up to 90°, and then a dramatic drop between 90° and 120° phase angle. Temperature-induced spectral effects shift the Band I and II centers of the pyroxene bands to longer wavelengths with increasing temperature. We have derived new correction equations using a temperature series (80–400 K) of HED meteorite spectra that will enable interpretation of telescopic and spacecraft spectral data using laboratory calibrations at room temperature (300 K).     

养殖海鲡肌肉的生化组成

对海鲡肌肉的营养成分含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、无机质组成进行了研究，结果表明，海鲡的蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为21.5%和5.5%，必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的40.9%和37.8%，不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的65.2%，其中C205和C226的含量分别为4.5%和12.0%，3.4kg阶段的养殖海鲡肌肉的必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸的比率最高。     

利用接收函数散射核方法探测中国东北地区地幔转换带界面三维形态

地幔转换带是上下地幔物质运移和能量交换的必经通道,其速度结构和上下界面的起伏能够为认识地幔内部的温度和物质变化、地幔对流模式等地球演化相关的科学问题提供关键约束.本文利用布设在中国东北地区的高密度固定台网和流动台阵所记录的远震体波接收函数,采用Ps散射核叠前深度偏移成像方法,获得了台站下方地幔转换带界面及其内部速度间断面的三维精细图像.研究结果表明:西北太平洋俯冲板片上下界面在地幔转换带内清晰可见,在高纬度(44°N)区域存在约 30°的倾角;660-km间断面的深度起伏具有明显的分区性,在与俯冲板片相交处以西 200～300 km,界面出现约 20～40 km的下沉,而长白山和龙岗火山的西北区域存在约 5～15 km的抬升,分别与板片滞留引起的低温异常和局部热物质上涌相对应;410-km间断面的起伏形态较复杂,在大部分区域观测到大于 10 km的下沉,且表现出明显的区域性横向变化,与深俯冲动力学背景下冷的温度异常造成的影响不一致.我们认为板片俯冲、停滞和海沟后撤过程中引起的地幔转换带物质异常、含水状态及分布的变化是显著改变410-km间断面形态的主要原因.本文获得的高精度地幔转换带界面三维形态为更好地认识东北亚地区俯冲板片在地幔物质分布和能量交换中的作用提供了重要参考.     

基于小波谱能量曲线EWT的面波压制算法

面波提取和压制是地震资料处理的关键问题之一,对地震资料处理的准确性具有重要影响.针对传统地震面波压制算法面波分离精度低、有效波损伤大的问题,提出一种基于小波谱能量曲线(Wavelet Spectrum Energy Curve,WSEC)经验小波变换(Empirical Wavelet Transform,EWT)的面波压制算法,该算法利用连续小波变换(Continuous Wavelet Transform,CWT)精细化的时频分析能力得到地震信号的WSEC,从频率和能量两个维度对信号进行自适应分解,提高面波提取精度.首先对地震记录进行CWT,根据小波谱计算各频率点的能量得到WSEC;基于WSEC极大值点的频率及ε邻域法确定频谱分割边界进行改进EWT,得到依能量和频率分解的各固有模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);根据各子频带的频率和能量确定面波IMF,最后对面波IMF进行带通滤波以保护其中的有效波.仿真实验表明,算法能根据地震信号的频率和能量自适应分解,实现面波的精准分离与提取;实际地震资料处理表明,算法能准确分离面波,能最大限度保护有效波,提高资料信噪比,是一种有效可靠的面波压制算法.     

褐藻多糖的药理作用与制备

阐述了褐藻糖胶的化学组成和结构。从褐藻中提取分离得到的褐藻糖胶具有显著的抗癌、抗凝、降脂、免疫调节和抗衰老作用,既可作为保健食品,也可作为治疗药物。目前,我国制备褐藻糖胶,主要采用60%乙醇沉淀法和CPC沉淀法从海带水碱凝沉物中提取,或用稀酸直接从海带中提取,并用乙醇分级法和色谱法对褐藻糖胶进行纯化。     

经济欠发达地区县域旅游规划的若干思考--以安徽庐江县为例

文章论述了各种尺度的旅游规划在全国掀起新一轮高潮的情况下,许多经济欠发达地区争相把旅游业作为区域经济的增长极,试图以此改善自身经济状况。然而,在经济欠发达县域旅游规划中的一些特有问题很值得关注,如:小范围的行政界线对旅游规划的制约作用、客源市场分析方法的独特性以及薄弱的经济基础与旅游开发资金投入之间的矛盾等问题。文章以安徽庐江县为例对上述问题进行了分析,并提出了相应对策。     

Determination of Meteoroid Orbits and Spatial Fluxes by Using High-Resolution All-Sky CCD Cameras

By using high-resolution, low-scan-rate, all-sky CCD cameras, the SPanish Meteor Network (SPMN) is currently monitoring meteor and fireball activity on a year round basis. Here are presented just a sampling of the accurate trajectory, radiant and orbital data obtained for meteors imaged simultaneously from two SPMN stations during the continuous 2006–2007 coverage of meteor and fireball monitoring. Typical astrometric uncertainty is 1–2 arc min, while velocity determination errors are of the order of 0.1–0.5 km/s, which is dependent on the distance of each event to the station and its particular viewing geometry. The cameras have demonstrated excellent performance for detecting meteor outbursts. The recent development of automatic detection software is also providing real-time information on the global meteor activity. Finally, some examples of the all-sky CCD cameras applications for detecting unexpected meteor activity are given.