Freshwater Sources in the Bays of Yuzhnyi Island of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago According to Isotopic (δD, δ18O) Data

Doklady Earth Sciences - An isotope–geochemical study was performed on the waters of Abrosimov and Stepovoi bays along the southeastern coasts of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The waters...     

电镀废水改进的CAFE处理工艺设计及案例

电镀园区废水处理过程中,由于园区企业难以做到彻底的分质分流,导致废水处理出现破络不彻底,次亚磷酸盐、氰化物等出现再络合与难降解等问题,同时,深度处理后,浓水需要进行深度处理,重金属离子浓度、总磷、总氮处理都存在难以达标的情况。本文根据企业电镀废水的典型水质和水量特征,研究设计了改进的CAFE处理工艺,详细论证了各工艺的处理过程、主要设备及相关设计参数,并将该工艺在南通某电镀园区电镀废水处理中进行了实际应用。运行的实践表明,该套设计方案污水处理运行稳定,最终出水的COD_Cr（化学需氧量）、NH₄-N、总铬、六价铬、总镍指标的平均质量浓度分别为34.00、5.41、0.29、0.03、0.05 mg/L,均远远小于电镀废水的排放标准,达到了电镀废水的深度处理要求。     

三峡水库坝区蓄水前水体对水库周边气温的影响

对三峡水库蓄水前位于坝区长江左、右两岸的3组气温观测资料进行对比分析,结果表明：①水体对水库周边气温有白天降温、夜间增温效应,可抑制极端最高气温,抬升极端最低气温;②总体上增温幅度比降温幅度大,增温幅度夏季大于冬季,春秋季居中,在20：00夏半年多大于冬半年,在08：00冬半年多大于夏半年,20：00、08：00增温幅度0．2～1．0℃的日数分别占总日数的46％、55％以上;③增温效应与降水季节性变化趋势基本一致,降水多的月份增温明显,降水少的月份增温幅度则较小;④降温幅度为春夏季小于秋冬季;⑤逐时气温分析显示,远水区较近水区各时次气温在10：00～15：00高0．1～0．4℃,其它时间尤其是夜间低0．1～0．7℃。     

含两组交叉贯通节理岩体的强度及破坏特征分析

天然岩体中常含有多组相互交叉的贯通节理,它们的存在极大地削弱了岩体的力学性质。为了研究含两组交叉贯通节理岩体的强度及破坏特征,基于弹塑性数值流形方法,对不同应力状态下,节理倾角和节理间距不同的岩体压缩试验进行数值模拟。结果表明：岩体强度随节理倾角的变化曲线呈现出多波峰、多波谷特点,岩体强度随节理间距变化曲线符合负指数函数形式。根据节理状态,两组节理岩体的破坏模式可以分为3种：岩块破坏、沿一组节理滑移和沿两组节理滑移。两组节理均会影响岩体强度,一组起主要作用,另一组起次要作用,并且节理组之间存在相互影响。通过对数值计算结果进行回归分析,基于一组节理岩体强度预测模型,量化节理组之间的相互影响,提出适用于含两组交叉贯通节理岩体的强度预测模型。模型形式简单,使用方便,可为实际工程中正确评估岩体强度提供指导性意见。     

塔里木盆地古城低凸起古-中生界构造演化特征与油气成藏关系

古城低凸起是塔里木盆地东部地区的重要勘探领域,古城6、8、9井的相继成功证实了其良好的勘探前景。塔里木盆地多年勘探实践表明,断裂对储层的形成和成藏有着重要的控制作用,对于油气发现具有重要意义。本文立足于本区二、三维地震资料,从分析断裂剖面的几何特征入手,建立了古-中生代的断裂发育样式,结合多窗口倾角扫描技术识别了隐蔽走滑断裂的平面特征,系统剖析了不同演化阶段断裂的变形机制,详细研究了构造演化对油气成藏的影响。研究表明：古城地区主要发育7类不同断层的构造样式,包括张性正断层、张扭性负花状构造、正"Y"字形构造、反"Y"字形构造、压扭性正花状构造、近直立的共轭走滑断层及张扭性走滑正断层;平面上主要发育NW向、NE向和NNE向3个方向的断裂。根据断裂的几何要素和动力特征,将断裂活动期次分为早加里东期、中加里东期、晚加里东-早海西期和印支-燕山期。其中：中加里东期断层奠定了本区堑垒相间的构造格局,是油气和下部流体向上运移重要通道;印支-燕山期形成的"羽状"断裂带是晚加里东-早海西期断裂再次活化形成的,距离其在3.0 km以内的井普遍钻探效果较差,对成藏有着重要的破坏作用。     

风浪流中半潜式风机系统动力响应特性研究

以三浮筒(Tri-floater)型半潜式风机系统为对象,采用时域方法,考虑垂荡板的黏性阻尼效应,研究系泊缆直径、长度、预张力和布置方式等参数对其在风浪流中动力响应特性的影响规律,提出了一种系泊参数优化方法。在此基础上,根据东海和南海三个不同水深区域百年一遇海洋环境条件,通过调整Tri-floater型浮式基础的吃水和垂荡板等参数,有效地提高了其运动响应周期,减小了其运动响应幅值。同时,根据风机浮式基础运动幅值的设计规范要求,针对三个不同水深区域特点,设计了Tri-floater型浮式基础的系泊系统。计算结果表明,改进后的Tri-floater型半潜式风机系统能满足百年一遇极端环境下的作业要求,适合于东海和南海海洋环境下海上风能资源的开发。     

Sources and distribution of allochthonous organic matter in surface sediment from the Seomjin River to the southern inner shelf of Korea

The spatial distributions of δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and n-alkanes were investigated to determine the source and transportation of allochthonous organic matter from the mouth of the Seomjin River to the southern inner shelf break of Korea. Total organic carbon (%) ranged from 0.3% to 1.6% (average = 0.80%, n = 81), and the C/N ratio varied from 2.4 to 12.4 (average = 6.76, n = 81). The δ¹³C values ranged from ?25.86 to ?20.26‰ (average = ?21.47‰, n = 81), and δ¹⁵N values ranged from 4.37‰ to 8.57‰ (average = 6.72‰, n = 81). The contribution of the terrestrial fraction of organic matter to the total ranged from 4.4% to 97.7% (average = 24.4%, n = 81), suggesting higher amounts around the catchment area and lower amounts in the offshore area. The concentration of total n-alkanes (nC₂₅ ? nC₃₅) was higher at the boundary between the outer bay and inner shelf break (BOBIS). Average chain length and the carbon preference index both indicated that major leaf wax n-alkanes accounted for the observed distribution of terrestrial organic matter, and were dominant in the inner shelf break (around BOBIS) and outer shelf break. Based on the spatial distribution of the total n-alkanes and the sum of nC₂₇, nC₂₉, and nC₃₁, the terrestrial organic matter distribution was considered to be controlled by local oceanographic conditions, especially at the center of the BOBIS. In addition to enabling the distribution and source of terrestrial organic matter to be identified, the n-alkanes indicated that minor anthropogenic allochthonous organic materials were superimposed on the total organic materials in the central part of Yeosu Bay and the catchment area. The n-alkane indices revealed weathered petroleum contamination, with contamination levels being relatively low at the present time.     

Mapping soil organic carbon stocks of northeastern China using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods

The main aim of this paper was to calculate soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) with consideration of the pedogenetic horizons using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods in northeastern China. A novel prediction process was presented and was referred to as model-then-calculate with respect to the variable thicknesses of soil horizons (MCV). The model-then-calculate with fixed-thickness (MCF), soil profile statistics (SPS), pedological professional knowledge-based (PKB) and vegetation type-based (Veg) methods were carried out for comparison. With respect to the similar pedological information, nine common layers from topsoil to bedrock were grouped in the MCV. Validation results suggested that the MCV method generated better performance than the other methods considered. For the comparison of polygon based approaches, the Veg method generated better accuracy than both SPS and PKB, as limited soil data were incorporated. Additional prediction of the pedogenetic horizons within MCV benefitted the regional SOCS estimation and provided information for future soil classification and understanding of soil functions. The intermediate product, that is, horizon thickness maps were fluctuant enough and reflected many details in space. The linear mixed model indicated that mean annual air temperature (MAAT) was the most important predictor for the SOCS simulation. The minimal residual of the linear mixed models was achieved in the vegetation type-based model, whereas the maximal residual was fitted in the soil type-based model. About 95% of SOCS could be found in Argosols, Cambosols and Isohumosols. The largest SOCS was found in the croplands with vegetation of Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Zea mays L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.     

塔河油田二区奥陶系优势储集体特征及控制因素

塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏储集体类型由缝洞型、高能微孔隙型、压溶孔缝型组成。通过岩心薄片观察并结合地震、测井、录井和试油等资料,查明了受次生溶蚀作用控制的岩溶缝洞型、受高能沉积相带控制的微孔隙型和受压溶作用及白云化作用控制的压溶孔缝型储层的特征和分布,并且识别出溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀缝、构造缝、粒内孔、粒间孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、晶内孔、缝合线和微裂缝10种储集空间。实际上,上述储集体主要为高能沉积相带形成的颗粒灰岩演化而成,这些颗粒灰岩经过埋藏压实和胶结等作用形成了以次生微孔隙为主的微孔隙型储集体,经过压溶和白云岩化作用形成了受成岩演化控制的压溶孔缝型储集体,在塔北奥陶系岩溶期形成了岩溶缝洞型储集体。塔河油田二区南部受沉积相展布和成岩作用影响,颗粒灰岩和云斑状灰岩发育;北部古隆起风化剥蚀作用较强,发育大型溶洞储层;东部斜坡带古河流发育,溶蚀缝洞储层多沿古河道分布;西部受深大断裂控制,溶蚀孔洞沿断裂垂向发育。