双层散体材料桩复合地基固结理论

研究了考虑涂抹效应和应力集中效应的双层散体材料桩复合地基固结解析解及其工程应用,分不同情况讨论了特征根的可能变化规律,也讨论了解析解转化为双层竖井地基以及双层天然地基的普遍适用性。研究发现,固结速率随井径比的减小、水平向渗透系数比的增大和桩体刚度的增大而增加;底面排水条件对双层散体材料桩复合地基的固结影响,在井径比不是很大的情况下影响不大;是否考虑应力集中效应对计算结果影响较大。     

Pattern of abrupt climatic fluctuation in the East Asian Monsoon during the Last Glacial: Evidence from Chinese loess records

Records of two loess sections located in mid-eastern and western margins of the East Asian Monsoon area captured 20 Dansgaard-Oescher events and six Heinrich events. All these suggested that the climate in the East Asian Monsoon area fluctuated rapidly on millennial to century timescales during the whole Last Glacial. We found that these loess-based events of rapid climate fluctuations were generally synchronous with those of GRIP records, but that there were differences between the Shagou loess section in the west and the Wangguan loess section in the east: the former was more sensitive to climate change than the latter. Compared with earlier studies on loess records covering the Last Glacial from neighboring areas, we discovered that the magnitude of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles decreased gradually from west to east and we suggest that it resulted from the combined effect of the Westerlies and the East Asian Monsoon.     

柴达木盆地东北缘中中新世以来古气候变化

全球变冷、青藏高原隆升以及特提斯洋海退被认为是控制亚洲大陆新生代气候变化的三大因素,然而由于长时间尺度古气候记录的匮乏,对于三者影响的认识并不清晰。柴达木盆地是青藏高原北部最大的一个封闭盆地,发育巨厚且连续的新生代地层,详细记录了周缘山体构造隆升过程和区域气候演化历史。本文通过柴达木盆地东北缘怀头他拉剖面的中中新世-早更新世沉积物气候代用指标碳酸盐、硫酸根和氯离子含量分析,显示该研究区中中新世以来气候变化经历了15.3~13.0Ma相对湿润、13.0~6.6Ma半干旱-半湿润和6.6~1.8Ma干旱的3个演化阶段。结合生物特征和前人研究成果,认为柴达木盆地干旱化历史可能从中中新世13Ma左右开始逐步发展,而真正意义上的干旱化始于6.6Ma以来。全球变冷是控制柴达木盆地干旱气候形成和发展的主导因素,同时青藏高原晚期持续阶段性的强烈隆升起到了催化剂的作用。     

南海北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷中南部古近系储层特征与控制因素——以区域探井Y井为例

北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷中南部Y井井壁取心分析、岩屑样品的薄片鉴定结果及地球物理测井综合评价表明,其钻遇的不同层位层段的储层类型主要以含泥质较高的砂岩、粉砂岩及泥质粉砂岩为主,少量砾岩,多属于近—中物源快速沉积充填、储集物性偏差的储集层类型,且成岩程度偏低(处在早成岩A或B期或中成岩A期),总体上属于岩性较细、泥质含量偏高、孔渗参数偏低的中孔中渗和低孔低渗及低孔特低渗型砂岩储层类型。其中,钻遇的渐新统涠洲组砂岩储层总体上偏细且泥质含量较高,砂岩有效孔隙度和渗透率偏低,属于储集物性较差储层;始新统流沙港组二段砂岩属于差—较好储层,储层孔隙类型以粒间孔为主,其次为粒间溶孔,还发育有少量或微量长石溶孔和粒内溶孔,具有一定的孔渗性;古新统长流组砂岩孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒间溶孔为主,发育少量长石溶孔及粒内溶孔,储层致密储集物性偏差。总之,本区储层发育主要受控于碎屑物物源供给远近与沉积相及成岩作用,但总体上储层成岩程度较低,加之溶蚀作用及胶结作用普遍,故严重影响了储层储集物性。     

甘肃地区近震震级的量规函数研究

采用甘肃测震台网“十五”宽频带数字地震记录资料,选取自2009 年1 月～ 2012 年12 月所记录的13086 次地震事件,通过震级残差统计方法计算了各台站单台震级与台网平均震级的偏差、平均偏差和标准偏差,分析了震级偏差频次分布和定量统计,修正了ML量规函数,得到了代表甘肃地区的地方性均匀震级量规函数。     

赫斯特指数H值在地震预测中的应用

编制H值计算程序,针对辽宁地区进行地震学参数的H值分析研究,旨在探索中强地震前H值的异常变化特征,判定该地区未来2-3年发生5级以上地震的概率为0.75.     

Study of a comprehensive assessment method of the environmental quality of soil in industrial and mining gathering areas

Industrial and mining activities have been recognized as major sources of heavy metal contamination in soil. Here, we developed a comprehensive assessment method for the soil environment in industrial and mining gathering areas based on the pressure–state–response model. Using this method, we assessed the environmental quality of soil in a typical industrial and mining gathering area in Tianjin City, China. The results are as follows: (1) The comprehensive environmental quality index of the soil in the study area was 0.532, which corresponds to an alert state and shows that the soil environment is generally poor. (2) The pressure, state, and response indexes were 0.609, 0.634, and 0.163, respectively, which suggests that the pressure in the soil environment of the study area is barely acceptable, and the state is merely passable. Furthermore, the response measures are not ideal. (3) The low response index scores indicate poor production processes, low pollutant treatment level, and unsatisfactory level of management by the enterprises in the study area. (4) The distribution of soil risks was found to be inseparably related to that of contamination sources and land use types. Furthermore, the distribution was uneven to a certain degree. Finally, we propose recommendations for the optimization, adjustment, and management of typical industrial and mining gathering areas with petrochemical, metallurgy, and other heavily polluting enterprises.     

近百年来东平湖沉积通量变化与环境

根据210Pb、137Cs法建立的东平湖现代沉积年代序列,结合沉积物粒度与烧失量变化特征以及黄河变迁与流域人类活动的特点,分析探讨了1889年以来东平湖沉积通量的变化。研究表明,百年来东平湖沉积环境不稳定,沉积通量变化较大:1889~1938年,沉积通量较高且基本稳定,1938~1965年,沉积通量逐年下降,1965~2000年,沉积通量整体较低且基本稳定,2000年以来,沉积通量呈逐年上升趋势。早期的高沉积通量与东平湖作为黄河自然滞蓄洪区有关,后期由于人类活动（湖区治理、黄河水利工程建设等）控制了黄河水的自然倒灌,导致了沉积通量的下降并趋于稳定,近期沉积通量的上升是湖区经济活动增强的反映。     

高糖化力根霉的分离及其制作“全曲清酒”的研究

采用直接分离法、稀释法和毛细管分离法等方法,从酒药和大曲中分离得到了几株高糖化力的根霉纯培养,并应用于“全曲清酒”的制作;用富含淀粉的甘薯为原料,可省略通常采用的复杂的“发酵”工艺过程,从而降低了成本,可在乡镇企业推广生产