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111.
Jong-Hwa Chun Byong-Jae Ryu Byeong-Kook Son Ji-Hoon Kim Joo Yong Lee Jang-Jun Bahk Hag-Ju Kim Kyung Sik Woo Odette Nehza 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1787-1800
A mound related to a cold vent in a columnar seismic blanking zone (CSBZ) was formed around site UBGH1-10 in the central Ulleung Basin (2077 m water depth), East Sea, Korea. The mound is 300–400 m wide and 2–3 m high according to multi-beam bathymetry, 2–7 kHz sub-bottom profiler data, and multi-channel reflection seismic data. Seafloor topography and characteristics were investigated using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) around site UBGH1-10, which is located near the northern part of the mound. The origin of the mound was investigated through lithology, mineralogy, hydrate occurrence, and sedimentary features using dive cores, piston cores, and a deep-drilling core. The CSBZ extends to ∼265 ms two-way traveltime (TWT) below the seafloor within a mass-transport deposit (MTD) unit. Gas hydrate was entirely contained 6–141 m below the seafloor (mbsf) within hemipelagic deposits intercalated with a fine-grained turbidite (HTD) unit, characteristically associated with high resistivity values at site UBGH1-10. The hydrate is commonly characterized by veins, nodules, and massive types, and is found within muddy sediments as a fracture-filling type. Methane has been produced by microbial reduction of CO2, as indicated by C1/C2+, δ13CCH4, and δD4CH analyses. The bowl-shaped hydrate cap revealed at 20–45 ms TWT below the seafloor has very high resistivity and high salinity, suggesting rapid and recent gas hydrate formation. The origin of the sediment mound is interpreted as a topographic high formed by the expansion associated with the formation of the gas hydrate cap above the CSBZ. The lower sedimentation rate of the mound sediments may be due to local enhancement of bottom currents by topographic effects. In addition, no evidence of gas bubbles, chemosynthetic communities, or bacterial mats was observed in the mound, suggesting an inactive cold vent. 相似文献
112.
Jong-Kuk Choi Hyun-Joo Oh Bon Joo Koo Joo-Hyung Ryu Saro Lee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The purpose of this study was to apply probabilistic models to the mapping of the potential polychaeta habitat area in the Hwangdo tidal flat, Korea. Remote sensing techniques were used to construct spatial datasets of ecological environments and field observations were carried out to determine the distribution of macrobenthos. Habitat potential mapping was achieved for two polychaeta species, Prionospio japonica and Prionospio pulchra, and eight control factors relating to the tidal macrobenthos distribution were selected. These included the intertidal digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, tidal exposure duration, distance from tidal channels, tidal channel density, spectral reflectance of the near infrared (NIR) bands and surface sedimentary facies from satellite imagery. The spatial relationships between the polychaeta species and each control factor were calculated using a frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence combined with geographic information system (GIS) data. The species were randomly divided into a training set (70%) to analyze habitat potential using frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence, and a test set (30%) to verify the predicted habitat potential map. The relationships were overlaid to produce a habitat potential map with a polychaeta habitat potential (PHP) index value. These maps were verified by comparing them to surveyed habitat locations such as the verification data set. For the verification results, the frequency ratio model showed prediction accuracies of 77.71% and 74.87% for P. japonica and P. pulchra, respectively, while those for the weights-of-evidence model were 64.05% and 62.95%. Thus, the frequency ratio model provided a more accurate prediction than the weights-of-evidence model. Our data demonstrate that the frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence models based upon GIS analysis are effective for generating habitat potential maps of polychaeta species in a tidal flat. The results of this study can be applied towards conservation and management initiatives for the macrofauna of tidal flats. 相似文献
113.
Characterizing Excavation Damaged Zone and Stability of Pressurized Lined Rock Caverns for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Hyung-Mok Kim Jonny Rutqvist Ju-Hwan Jeong Byung-Hee Choi Dong-Woo Ryu Won-Kyong Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1113-1124
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) on the geomechanical performance of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. We conducted a detailed characterization of the EDZ in rock caverns that have been excavated for a Korean pilot test program on CAES in (concrete) lined rock caverns at shallow depth. The EDZ was characterized by measurements of P- and S-wave velocities and permeability across the EDZ and into undisturbed host rock. Moreover, we constructed an in situ concrete lining model and conducted permeability measurements in boreholes penetrating the concrete, through the EDZ and into the undisturbed host rock. Using the site-specific conditions and the results of the EDZ characterization, we carried out a model simulation to investigate the influence of the EDZ on the CAES performance, in particular related to geomechanical responses and stability. We used a modeling approach including coupled thermodynamic multiphase flow and geomechanics, which was proven to be useful in previous generic CAES studies. Our modeling results showed that the potential for inducing tensile fractures and air leakage through the concrete lining could be substantially reduced if the EDZ around the cavern could be minimized. Moreover, the results showed that the most favorable design for reducing the potential for tensile failure in the lining would be a relatively compliant concrete lining with a tight inner seal, and a relatively stiff (uncompliant) host rock with a minimized EDZ. Because EDZ compliance depends on its compressibility (or modulus) and thickness, care should be taken during drill and blast operations to minimize the damage to the cavern walls. 相似文献
114.
Woo-Jin Shin Jong-Sik Ryu Kwang-Sik Lee Gong Soo Chung 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(8):2271-2279
Seasonal and spatial variations in water chemistry and contaminant sources were investigated in six major rivers in South Korea that vary widely in drainage area and length. The dissolved-load content of the rivers varied seasonally, and some dissolved ions such as Cl? and NO3 ? showed large spatial differences in all of the rivers. The water type changed from Ca–HCO3 in the upper reaches to Na–Cl–NO3 in the lower reaches, indicating anthropogenic contamination in the lower reaches. Compared with two relatively pristine rivers (the Sumjin and Mankyung rivers), the other four rivers, which flow through agricultural and urban areas, registered much higher Cl? and NO3 ? concentrations. Statistical analysis showed that seasonal and spatial variations in water chemistry occurred in all the rivers. The nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of dissolved nitrate indicated that the rivers flowing through urban and agricultural areas were significantly affected by manure, sewage, or both. 相似文献
115.
116.
Jae H. Ryu Mark D. Svoboda John D. Lenters Tsegaye Tadesse Cody L. Knutson 《Climatic change》2010,101(3-4):575-597
The relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and hydrologic variability in the United States is investigated using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF)/Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The multivariate ENSO index (MEI) is utilized to identify strong coherences associated with multiple months (1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-month) of the Log-Standardized Hydrologic Drought Index (LSHDI) in the conterminous states for the period 1950–2005. Based on 56 years of monthly streamflow data for 102 forecast climate divisions, this research explores the spatial and temporal variation of hydrologic responses corresponding to ENSO events. Preliminary results show that a potential predictor of the dominant streamflow modes in the northern Great Plains is identified from streamflows in western Arizona. Also, positive relationships between hydrologic drought and El Niño were found in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and northern California), whereas negative relationships were detected in southern California and the northern Great Plains. These findings will provide useful insights to help improve streamflow forecast potential and capabilities, and minimize the impacts of hydrologic events (e.g. floods and droughts) associated with ENSO events. 相似文献
117.
Yu -Hwan Ahn Palanisamy Shanmugam Kyung- Il Chang Jeong -Eon Moon Joo -Hyung Ryu 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(2):67-71
Complex physical, chemical and biological interactions off the Korean coast created several striking patterns in the phytoplankton
blooms, which became conspicuous during the measurements of ocean color from space. This study concentrated on analyzing the
spatial and temporal aspects of phytoplankton chlorophyll variability in these areas using an integrated dataset from a Sea-viewing
Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Advanced Very High Resolution (AVHRR) sensor, and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD)
sensor. The results showed that chlorophyll concentrations were elevated in coastal and open ocean regions, with strong summer
and fall blooms, which appeared to spread out in most of the enclosed bays and neighboring waters due to certain oceanographic
processes. The chlorophyll concentration was observed to range between 3 and 54 mg m-3 inside Jin-hae Bay and adjacent coastal bays and 0.5 and 8 mg m-3 in the southeast sea offshore waters, this gradual decrease towards oceanic waters suggested physical transports of phytoplankton
blooms from the shallow shelves to slope waters through the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) along the Tsushima
Strait. Horizontal distribution of potential temperature (θ) and salinity (S) of water off the southeastern coast exhibited
cold and low saline surface water (θ<19°C; S<32.4) and warm and high saline subsurface water (θ>12°C; S>34.4) at 75dBar, corroborating
TWC intrusion along the Tsushima Strait. An eastward branch of this current was called the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC),
tracked with the help of CTD data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature, which often influenced the dynamics of mesoscale
anticyclonic eddy fields off the Korean east coast during the summer season. The process of such mesoscale anticyclonic eddy
features might have produced interior upwelling that could have shoaled and steepened the nutricline, enhancing phytoplankton
population by advection or diffusion of nutrients in the vicinity of Ulleungdo in the East Sea. 相似文献
118.
Jeong?Hwan?LeeEmail author Young?Soon?Baek Byong?Jae?Ryu Michael?Riedel Roy?D.?Hyndman 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(1):51-59
Recently, several countries have conducted projects to explore and develop natural gas hydrate, which is one of the new alternative
energy resources for the future. In Korea, a five-year national research project was initiated in 2000. As part of this project,
a seismic survey was performed in the East Sea of Korea to quantify the potential magnitude and distribution of natural gas
hydrates. Multi-channel seismic data and core samples have been acquired and recovered in the survey area. Analysis of seismic
data show clear bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), seismic blank zones (or wipe-out zones) with velocity pull-up structure,
and pock-marks. In this study, we present the results of seismic surveys which indicate the existence of natural gas hydrates
in Korean offshore areas. These results will be applied to select areas for coring (or drilling) and detailed exploration
such as 2D seismic survey with long offset or 3D seismic in the future. 相似文献
119.
Yuichi Kitagawa Naoji Koizumi Ryu Ohtani Kunihiko Watanabe Satoshi Itaba 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):657-673
To understand the detailed process of fault activity, aseismic slip may play a crucial role. Aseismic slip of inland faults
in Japan is not well known, except for that related to the Atotsugawa fault. To know whether aseismic slip does not occur,
or is merely not detected, is an important question. The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
constructed an observation site near Yasutomi fault, a part of the Yamasaki fault system, and has collected data on the crustal
strain field, groundwater pressures, and crustal movement using GPS. In a departure from the long-term trend, a transient
change of the crustal strain field lasting a few months was recorded. It indicated the possibility of
an aseismic slip event. Furthermore, analyses of data from the extensometers at Yasutomi and Osawa observation vaults of Kyoto
University, as well as GPS data from the Geographical Survey Institute (GEONET), revealed unsteady crustal strain changes.
All data could be explained by local, left-lateral, aseismic slip of the order of 1 mm in the shallow part of the Yasutomi
fault. 相似文献
120.
A moderate size earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred at Whagae‐Myun, Hadong‐Gun, Kyongsangnam‐Do, Korea on 4 July 1936. It caused severe damage to the buildings and other structures in Sang‐Gye‐Sa, a famous and beautiful Buddhist temple. A five‐storey stone pagoda was standing in front of Keumdang, the main building. The top component of the pagoda was tipped over and fell down to the ground during the earthquake. In order to have a quantitative estimate of the intensity of the earthquake, a full‐scale model was constructed through a rigorous verification process. The completed model was mounted on a shaking table and subjected to two kinds of dynamic test: exploratory test and fragility test. The exploratory test was performed with low intensity shaking. In the fragility test, the failure modes of the model were investigated while increasing the shaking intensity. The construction details of the model are described and test procedures are reported. Important relations between failure modes and characteristics of ground motion were obtained from the tests. The intensity of the 1936 earthquake was estimated from the examination of test results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献