Coral growth rate: Variation with depth

Light and temperature are two of the most important physical factors affecting rates of growth of reef corals. The effect of light has been determined by X-radiographic measurement of long-term growth rates for 89 colonies of the coralMontastrea annularis collected over a 27.5-m depth range from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. These measurements, in conjunction with measurements of skeletal density, have established thatM. annularis calcifies most rapidly at intermediate depths, and they have confirmed the identification of two distinct populations within this important frame-building species.     

Green hope or greenwash? The actions of the European Union at the World Summit on sustainable development

This article examines whether the European Union (EU) could be seen as a normative power at the recent World Summit on Sustainable Development. We explain how the EU operationalised its commitment to the concept of sustainable development before highlighting the impact the EU had on the final summit outcomes. It shows that although in many areas the EU was able to offer leadership, internal policy coherence prevented it fully being able to develop that role and thus fully promoting the norm of sustainable development.