全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39451篇 |
免费 | 727篇 |
国内免费 | 426篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 869篇 |
大气科学 | 2545篇 |
地球物理 | 7503篇 |
地质学 | 14773篇 |
海洋学 | 3923篇 |
天文学 | 8548篇 |
综合类 | 88篇 |
自然地理 | 2355篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 341篇 |
2021年 | 553篇 |
2020年 | 638篇 |
2019年 | 696篇 |
2018年 | 1287篇 |
2017年 | 1223篇 |
2016年 | 1405篇 |
2015年 | 763篇 |
2014年 | 1265篇 |
2013年 | 2259篇 |
2012年 | 1439篇 |
2011年 | 1813篇 |
2010年 | 1610篇 |
2009年 | 1997篇 |
2008年 | 1703篇 |
2007年 | 1749篇 |
2006年 | 1671篇 |
2005年 | 1057篇 |
2004年 | 1043篇 |
2003年 | 975篇 |
2002年 | 1007篇 |
2001年 | 836篇 |
2000年 | 791篇 |
1999年 | 649篇 |
1998年 | 666篇 |
1997年 | 585篇 |
1996年 | 534篇 |
1995年 | 501篇 |
1994年 | 537篇 |
1993年 | 431篇 |
1992年 | 429篇 |
1991年 | 429篇 |
1990年 | 446篇 |
1989年 | 334篇 |
1988年 | 333篇 |
1987年 | 414篇 |
1986年 | 329篇 |
1985年 | 510篇 |
1984年 | 507篇 |
1983年 | 443篇 |
1982年 | 437篇 |
1981年 | 371篇 |
1980年 | 388篇 |
1979年 | 344篇 |
1978年 | 352篇 |
1977年 | 301篇 |
1976年 | 280篇 |
1975年 | 289篇 |
1974年 | 247篇 |
1973年 | 265篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Image-tube filter photographs calibrated against photoelectric filter photometry have been used to give maps of M42 in absolute flux units over the central 15 arc min of the nebula in Hα, [Nii] (λ 6584 Å), Hβ and continuum at λ 4700 Å. Maps of the ratios Hα/[Nii] and (for the first time) of continuum/Hβ have been produced with unprecedented spatial resolution. These show that the gas to dust ratio is high near the exciting stars and falls strongly in the vicinity of large scale ionization fronts marked by minima in the Hα/[Nii] ratio. These results are interpreted in terms of detailed shell models containing either ice or graphite or silicate scattering particles. In all models there must be a central hole in the distribution of scattering particles. The effect of neutral globules and intrusions is investigated. It is found that all types of grain are trapped inside neutral intrusions near the centre of the nebula by the pressure of the Lα light surrounding the globule, but in the early evolution of the nebula particles can escape into the ionized medium when fronts are R-type. Ice grains escaping at this time will be destroyed for distances to the exciting stars less than 1 pc. These results can explain both the central hole in dust and the underabundance of oxygen in the ionized gas observed earlier. Arguments depending on colour index of the scattered light indicate that mixtures of scattered light from ice in the globules and from ice in the ionized medium can explain the observations, but that the graphite and silicate particles fail. A schematic model of the Orion Nebula is presented to attempt to explain the large scale phenomena observed here. It demonstrates that simple shell models for this nebula are dubious. 相似文献
102.
The July 12, 1973, occultation of Europa by Io was observed in 30 wavelength channels in the spectral region λλ3200-11, 000 Å with the 200-inch Hale telescope and a multichannel spectrometer. The data are presented in absolute units above the Earth's atmosphere. The data are analyzed to obtain the spectral reflectivity of seven localized areas on the disk of Europa centered on 324°W longitude. The equatorial material is confirmed to be darker than the eastward-skewed bright north polar cap and a hint is evident that the darker material as well may be somewhat redder than the cap material. 相似文献
103.
A.J. Kliore G. Fjeldbo B.L. Seidel D.N. Sweetnam T.T. Sesplaukis P.M. Woiceshyn S.I. Rasool 《Icarus》1975,24(4):407-410
The occultation of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft by Io (JI) provided an opportunity to obtain two S-band radio occultation measurements of its atmosphere. The dayside entry measurements revealed an ionosphere having a peak density of about 6 × 104 elcm?3 at an altitude of about 100 km. The topside scale height indicates a plasma temperature of about 406 K if it is composed of Na+ and 495 K if N2+ is principal ion. A thinner and less dense ionosphere was observed on the exit (night side), having a peak density of 9 × 103 elcm?3 at an altitude of 50 km. The topside plasma temperature is 160 K for N2? and 131 K for Na+. If the ionosphere is produced by photoionization in a manner analogous to the ionospheres of the terrestrial planets, the density of neutral particles at the surface of Io is less than 1011?1012 cm3, corresponding to a surface pressure of less than 10?8 to 10?9 bars. Two measurements of its radius were also obtained yielding a value of 1830 km for the entry and 192 km for the exit. The discrepancy between these values may indicate an ephemeris uncertainty of about 45 km. The two measurements yield an average radius of 1875 km, which is not in agreement with the results of the Beta Scorpii stellar occultation. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
107.
The U.S. and U.K. literatures have discussed “food deserts,” reflecting populated, typically urban, low‐income areas with limited access to full‐service supermarkets. Less is known about supermarket accessibility within Canadian cities. This article uses the minimum distance and coverage methods to determine supermarket accessibility within the city of Edmonton, Canada, with a focus on high‐need and inner‐city neighborhoods. The results show that for 1999 both of these areas generally had higher accessibility than the remainder of the city, but six high‐need neighborhoods had poor supermarket accessibility. We conclude by examining potential reasons for differences in supermarket accessibility between Canadian, U.S., and U.K. cities. 相似文献
108.
B. N. Ryzhenko 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(8):835-840
109.
Lithology and Mineral Resources - The chemical composition and Nd isotope systematics were obtained for mudrocks (mudstones) from sections of the Siberian hypostratotype of the Riphean and Vendian... 相似文献
110.
The problem of the diversity of the geochemical types of carbon dioxide waters (CDW) in petrografically and mineralogically uniform crystalline rock masses is solved with allowance made for the effect of different boundary conditions (physicochemical parameters) on the geochemical effect of interaction in the rock–water system. The formation of the entire geochemical spectrum of CDW in crystalline rock masses is shown to be explicable on the basis of a model of interaction in granite–water systems at different mass ratios of reacting rock (S) and water (L), different temperatures T, and equilibrium concentrations of dissolved CO2 (P
CO2). 相似文献