河南省水资源可持续利用指标体系构建

水资源的可持续利用是社会经济可持续发展的主要内容,分析河南省水资源的现状,在科学性、全面性、系统性、可行性、可比性、超前性和导向性原则的基础上创建河南省水资源可持续利用指标体系。该指标体系由驱动、核心和表征三类指标构成。从微观和宏观两个方面完整地描述了水资源的可持续利用的状态,涵盖了社会、经济、资源、环境保护等领域。在全面分析河南省水资源可持续利用现状的基础上,通过该指标体系的衡量与考核可以找出河南省在水资源可持续利用方面的不足,为有关部门制定相关政策提供决策依据。     

中国省会城市国际化水平比较研究

城市国际化不仅是一个结果更是一个与其他国际城市逐步接轨的过程,在此过程中,通过与其他城市的物质、文化与信息的交流,实现城市发展利益的最大化。在目前城市国际化比较研究的基础上,针对现有方法的不足,运用因子分析法,进行了分因素排名比较分析和综合得分排名的分类比较分析,最后根据综合得分通过类间距法将所有省会城市分为三类,并提出各类城市在不同城市国际化发展阶段应选择不同的发展策略。     

Metal content and environmental risk assessment around high-altitude mine sites

Gold mining activities in Apolobamba area, northwest of La Paz, Bolivia have created serious environmental concern and great risk to human health. The current methods used to extract gold are too primitive resulting in metal contamination of soil and water. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the degree of metal pollution, and (2) assess the risk to human health and environment in the Apolobamba area. Soil, water, sediment samples, and mine spills were collected and analyzed. Metals including Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg concentrations were higher in surface soils than in subsurface soils indicating active atmospheric deposition of metals. Sediment samples had elevated levels of metals probably from mine spills discharged into the Sunchulli River. Surface soils in the Sunchulli community show the highest levels of Pb and Hg in all soil samples and may pose a risk to the health of the human population and environment.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙成因类型及其控制因素

陇东地区延长组砂岩储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,分析孔隙成因类型及其控制因素,对于寻找相对高孔渗储层具有重要指导意义。通过大量孔隙铸体薄片鉴定认为,陇东地区延长组砂岩发育原生与次生两大类孔隙类型,其中原生孔隙包括压实剩余原生粒间孔和胶结剩余原生粒间孔;次生孔隙包括粒间杂基及胶结物溶孔、长石和岩屑粒内溶孔及铸模孔、粒间高岭石绿泥石胶结物晶间孔;另外还存在少量构造成因的微裂缝。现今孔隙多为部分原生与部分次生组成的混合孔隙。孔隙成因类型受沉积条件和成岩作用双重因素控制,沉积条件决定了砂岩沉积时的水动力条件,从而决定了砂岩的岩石学特征和原生粒间孔的发育程度,压实作用决定了压实剩余粒间孔的大小与多少,胶结作用决定了胶结剩余粒间孔的多少,溶蚀作用控制了各种溶蚀孔隙的类型及发育程度,如粒间杂基和碳酸盐胶结物溶孔、长石及岩屑粒缘与粒内溶蚀孔隙的发育程度。原生孔隙在长8、长9、长4+5粒度较粗的层段中较明显,次生孔隙在长6、长7粒度细层段和顶部不整合面附近的长1-3中占的比例较多。系统运用大量薄片和物性资料首次明确指出陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙为混合成因,且次生孔隙特征明显,原生孔隙由于压实和胶结作用大量损失。     

Multivariate discriminant analysis distinguishes metal- from non metal-related biomarker responses in the clam Chamaelea gallina

Molecular biomarkers are among the most sensitive and earliest responses to pollutants. However, lack of detailed knowledge on variability of responses and their possible seasonal variation limit their use. In addition, the seasonality of biological processes modulates the response of organisms to pollutant stressors. Using multivariate statistics, we have studied the influence of environmental and biological factors on the response of a battery of molecular biomarkers in the clam Chamaelea gallina collected along the South-Spanish littoral. Multivariate discriminant analysis clearly distinguished biomarker response between clean and polluted areas, using heavy metals as indicator of pollution. Such differences disappeared when the dataset was normalised for metal content, thus indicating that pollution was the main significant cause of the changes observed between clean and polluted sites. In conclusion, this work shows that, when applying a complete biomarker panel, multivariate statistical tools can be used to discern pollutant- from non pollutant-related responses.     

Mathematical Analysis of a Model of River Channel Formation

The study of overland flow of water over an erodible sediment leads to a coupled model describing the evolution of the topographic elevation and the depth of the overland water film. The spatially uniform solution of this model is unstable, and this instability corresponds to the formation of rills, which in reality then grow and coalesce to form large-scale river channels. In this paper we consider the deduction and mathematical analysis of a deterministic model describing river channel formation and the evolution of its depth. The model involves a degenerate nonlinear parabolic equation (satisfied on the interior of the support of the solution) with a super-linear source term and a prescribed constant mass. We propose here a global formulation of the problem (formulated in the whole space, beyond the support of the solution) which allows us to show the existence of a solution and leads to a suitable numerical scheme for its approximation. A particular novelty of the model is that the evolving channel self-determines its own width, without the need to pose any extra conditions at the channel margin.     

青岛市区夏季暑热指数初探

统计分析了青岛市区夏季 (6～ 9月 )与体感温度关系密切的最高气温、相对湿度和风速的气候概况 ;根据体感温度的计算型式和有关气象要素的分布特征 ,得出其经验计算公式 ;分布在不同区间内的体感温度对应着不同的暑热指数及户外人群的舒适感受。     

Interplay of orbital forcing and tectonic pulses in the Cambrian Iberian platform, NE Spain

The stratigraphy of carbonate/shale couplets, cycles and cycle-stacking patterns in a Cambrian shallow water platform (Iberian Chains, NE Spain) are related to sea-level changes driven by orbital forcing and by tectonic pulses. The interplay of both effects can be discriminated in the Iberian fault-controlled platform, in which the tectonic activity can be analysed by accurate and detailed biostratigraphic correlations based on trilobite zonation. The stratigraphic hierarchy of rhythmically interbedded limestones and shales, in two coeval but structurally separated geodynamic settings, yields cycle ratios of 1.44 :1. This ratio is supported by time thickness and spectral analysis, which is based on a graphic method of analysis: the Map of Grey Lines. The cycle ratio seems to be evidence for orbital forcing by obliquity and precession cycles predicted for early Paleozoic time. Carbonate/shale couplets, the smallest rhythmic units recognisable in the field, represent short-term, periodic fluctuations in supply of terrigenous sediments and carbonate productivity of uncertain origin, which could be associated with one of several harmonics of the former orbital cycles. The pulsating tectonic activity was approximated by using a quantitative analysis of tectonically induced subsidence (Shaw method). Recurrence frequencies of tectonic pulses were estimated and dated by biostratigraphy. As a result, tectonic disturbances in the Cambrian Iberian platform show an episodic periodicity comparable to that of orbital eccentricity cycles, which could mask their recognition. Received: 15 November 1999 / Accepted: 9 February 2000     

二滩库区蓄水前地震活动本底研究

1991年 7月建成投测的二滩水库地震遥测台网 ,经过 7年的连续运行 ,为我们提供了宝贵的第一手资料。笔者根据这些地震记录资料 ,用多种地震学方法进行分析研究后发现 ,该区域内 1～ 2级地震是库区主要的地震活动 ;小震活动基本上符合 G- R震级频度关系式 ,正常背景下的平均 b值为 0 .58;1 .5级以上地震的平均月频度为 9次 ;其能量累计蠕变也具有较好的稳定增长关系 ;地震活动的时空分布与库区几条主要断裂有一定关系。可将它们作为研究蓄水后地震活动的参照本底