A coupled ice-ocean ecosystem model for 1-D and 3-D applications in the Bering and Chukchi Seas

Primary production in the Bering and Chukchi Seas is strongly influenced by the annual cycle of sea ice. Here pelagic and sea ice algal ecosystems coexist and interact with each other. Ecosystem modeling of sea ice associated phytoplankton blooms has been understudied compared to open water ecosystem model applications. This study introduces a general coupled ice-ocean ecosystem model with equations and parameters for 1-D and 3-D applications that is based on 1-D coupled ice-ocean ecosystem model development in the landfast ice in the Chukchi Sea and marginal ice zone of Bering Sea. The biological model includes both pelagic and sea ice algal habitats with 10 compartments： three phytoplankton （pelagic diatom, flagellates and ice algae： D, F, and Ai） , three zooplankton （copepods, large zooplankton, and microzooplankton ： ZS, ZL, ZP） , three nutrients （ nitrate ＋ nitrite, ammonium, silicon ： NO3 , NH4, Si） and detritus （Det）. The coupling of the biological models with physical ocean models is straightforward with just the addition of the advection and diffusion terms to the ecosystem model. The coupling with a multi-category sea ice model requires the same calculation of the sea ice ecosystem model in each ice thickness category and the redistribution between categories caused by both dynamic and thermodynamic forcing as in the physical model. Phytoplankton and ice algal self-shading effect is the sole feedback from the ecosystem model to the physical model.     

Sequence analysis and quantitative detection of Norwalk-like viruses in cultured oysters of China

We isolated 4 Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) contaminated oysters from 33 Chinese oysters collected from local commer-cial sources of Shandong Province. After amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of NLVs genomes with RT-PCR, the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the RdRp was sequenced and subjected to multiple-sequence alignment. The re-suits showed that NLVs in the four isolates belong to genogroup Ⅱ. The sequence comparison showed that the similarity between four Chinese oyster isolates were higher than 99.0%, which indicated that NLVs prevalent in close areas have high homogeneity in genome sequences. In addition, the most conserved sequences between diverse NLVs were used to design primers and TaqMan probes, then the real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed. According to the standard curve of GII NLVs, the original amounts (copies) of NLVs in positive patient's fecal isolate, positive Japanese oyster isolate, and the Chinese oyster isolate were 8.9×108, 1.25×108 and 4.7×101 respectively. The detecting limit of NLVs was 1×101 copies. This study will be helpful for routine diagnosis of NLVs pathogens in foods and thus for avoiding food poisoning in the future.     

基于GPS的偏远山区消防救援应急初探

介绍了消防部队在赴偏远山区抢险救援途中面临的问题,并用简单的数学模型进行分析.根据区域生态环境的特点,结合GPS技术及相关设备、地理环境资料,探讨了能准确定位、支持决策和分析预测的偏远山区抢险救援响应对策.     

Composition of plagioclases in volcanic rocks of King George Island, Antarctica with reference to the petrogenetic significance

Plagioclases occur mainly as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. In basaltic andesites and andesites of Keller Peninsula and Ullman Spur (Admiralty Bay), they are high structure state labradorite-andesines; and in high-A1 basalts and basaltic andesites of Barton and Weaver peninsulas (Maxwell Bay), they are high structure state bytownite-anorthites.∑REE, La/Yb ratios and δEu values of plagioclases from Admiralty Bay are higher than those from Maxwell Bay. All plagioclases have rather identical chondritenormalized transitional element distribution patterns, probably reflecting that crystal structure rather than composition of plagioclase controls their diversity. Compositions of plagioclases depend chiefly on those of their host rocks, compositional differences of plagioclases reveal that basaltic magmas in the Admiralty Bay area are more evolved than in the Maxwell Bay area.     

中老泰铁路建设对云南省及沿线国家空间联系格局的影响

中老泰铁路作为泛亚铁路东、中、西三线的中线,对中国与老挝、泰国的跨境合作以及助推“一带一路”倡议的“中国-中南半岛”经济走廊的建设起着重要作用。选取中国云南省和老挝、泰国作为研究区域,以非障区的区域开发为基础,并选取铁路沿线15个主要城市,基于城市流网络视角对比铁路建设前后区域可达性与城市流网络的变化,结果显示：铁路建成将提升障区可进入性与非障区可开发性,提高区域互联开发潜力,提升研究区内可达性。可达性呈现以铁路线路为轴向周围辐射递减的格局,但泰国西部及老挝东部自然障区可达性提升效果甚微;铁路将增强城市间联系强度,实现“树状-网状”的城市流网络形态高效重构,网络发育更加成熟稳固;铁路也使得网络结构扁平化、分散化,流网络重构过程中资源的分散与耗散并存,城市间联系效率下降。     

基于WoS和Citespace的应急避难场所知识图谱和进展分析

以近30 年Web of Science 核心数据库收录的2472 篇应急避难场所相关文献为基础,首先统计发文数量时间分布和期刊分布,然后利用Citespace可视化软件,从发文作者、机构、国家、关键词和学科方向5个方面分别进行知识图谱分析。结果表明：近30年来应急避难场所研究发文呈现由缓慢探索、稳步发展向高速发展的阶段;发文期刊主要为自然灾害类、紧急医学类、工程技术类;研究作者群较多,学术交流较为紧密;美国和中国为发文量最多的国家;路易斯安那州立大学和中国科学技术大学是主要的发文机构;从关键词发现应急避难场所目标人群主要围绕灾害救援和社会弱势群体,研究视角从单一问题和事件开始向综合系统演变,研究方法从定性的方法模型转向动力机制和信息系统开发,研究内容则注重多学科交叉和微观尺度、重视案例实证和信息共享和强调应急避难场所管理;学科方向主要为工程学和公共环境与健康两个学科。在建设韧性城市的背景下,可借鉴国际经验来构建中国应急避难场所研究体系和管理。     

CG-6型重力仪零漂特性研究

对中国地震局地震研究所最新引进的4台CG-6型相对重力仪的零漂特性进行测试研究,结果表明,4台重力仪的静态零漂率、混合零漂率和动态零漂率均小于8 μGal/h,满足厂家给出的技术指标。在较长观测时间内,各台仪器的零漂均存在不同程度的非线性特征,因此在进行较长时间的野外观测以及后续数据处理中,不宜将零漂率作为常数进行解算和零漂改正。     

1971-2015年世界铁矿石资源供需与流动格局及其演变

本文研究了1971—2015年世界铁矿石供需与流动格局的时空变化,结果显示：① 世界铁矿石年产量期末比期初增加了12.26亿t,年均增长2.17%;1992年以前,欧洲曾是世界铁矿石的消费重心,但随后亚洲后来居上。② 研究期内世界铁矿石输出量年均增长达3.7%,大洋洲和南美洲成为铁矿石的主要输出地,2015年占世界的比重分别达53.73%和26.23%;本世纪以来铁矿石输入量最大的是中国、日本和韩国,2015年分别占世界总量的65.07%、8.94%和5%。③ 基于“场”理论,采用位势、“源”、“汇”、迹线等概念审视全球铁矿石流场的基本特征和流场成因,发现世界铁矿石流动的“位势”北半球较低,而南半球较高;亚洲、欧洲是主要的汇流场,大洋洲、南美洲是主要的源流场。本文研究揭示了近半个世纪以来世界铁矿石资源的流动状态及其演变过程,对于我国科学地制定产业政策具有重要价值。     

基于不同区域层级的文化产业集聚研究

利用企业层面数据,从市域和省域两个尺度研究中国文化产业的集聚特征,并揭示集聚对文化企业生产率的影响。应用一致性方法估计了中国文化企业的生产函数,并计算企业层面全要素生产率估计值,并从专业化和城市化两个角度研究集聚对于文化企业的影响。结果表明：① 地级市尺度下,文化产业专业化经济并不显著,但却存在城市化经济;② 在更大的省域层面,则呈现出专业化经济显著,多样化经济弱化的特征;③ 行业和区域异质性回归显示了结果的稳健性,核心文化产业的产业集聚经济更显著;④ 在知识溢出效应占主导的文化集聚中,通信基础设施良好的省份被赋予了创意交流的便利性,因而拥有更强的集聚经济。     

基于水利益共享的跨境流域水资源多目标分配研究——以澜沧江-湄公河为例

以水利益共享代替分水的理念有利于充分发挥水资源效益和减少区域矛盾冲突,但由于缺乏具体可实施的分配模式一直停留在设想阶段。基于水利益共享理念,建立跨境流域水资源多目标分配指标体系,并结合澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源利用现状及需求,提出澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源多目标分配模型。为基于水利益共享的跨境水资源多目标分配提供了具有充分可操作性的指标体系和分配模型,有助于推进跨境流域水利益共享的实施,实现区域双边或多边在水资源利用上的共赢和发展目标。