近60a丹东极端温度和降水事件变化特征

利用丹东1951~2010年逐日温度和降水资料,以多重分形去趋势波动分析法定义极端事件的阈值,分析了该地区极端最高温度、极端最低温度和极端降水的变化特征。结果表明:近60 a丹东极端最低温度事件比极端最高温度和极端降水事件发生次数多,极端最高温度强度比极端最低温度大,平均超出了1.5℃,而极端降水平均强度为30.3 mm,都在20世纪70年代最小,70年代是转折期;50年代的极端气候事件(温度和降水)最为严重,其次是90年代,70年代的严重度最轻;极端降水频次变化不明显,极端最高温度事件可以由夏季平均最高温度的变化预测,有不显著的增多趋势,而极端最低温度事件可以用冬季平均日较差温度的变化预测,在今后一段时间内有显著减少的趋势。     

地磁DI仪辅助数字观测系统研发与应用

针对磁通门经纬仪人工读取时间存在误差问题,研发智能化较高的DI仪辅助数字观测系统,提供准确的观测时间;采用高精度数字温、湿度传感器代替模拟温湿度计记录观测环境参数,读数更方便、更准确.     

裂缝介质横波分裂时差影响因素定量研究

裂缝介质数值模拟是研究裂缝型油藏各向异性及裂缝检测的关键.横波分裂现象是波在各向异性介质中传播的一个显著特征,横波分裂时差能够反映地下裂隙密度和介质物性等信息.本文给出二维均匀TTI介质在不同极化角度下的横波群速度公式,进而得到偏移距表征的横波分裂时差表达式;同时采用二维三分量交错网格高阶有限差分方法模拟不同极化角度下的三分量炮记录,与理论值对比分析,定量研究分裂时差与极化角、偏移距、各向异性参数的关系,得到如下主要结论:1)在不同各向异性强度下,横波分裂时差与极化角呈现不同的变化规律,而快慢横波振幅比与极化角的关系不受各向异性强度的影响;2)从能量角度,在45°～55°极化角内,横波传播的能量对比最强,是观测横波分裂的最佳角度范围;3)表征各向异性强度的三个参数中γ对横波分裂时差的影响最大,其从0变化到0.3,分裂时差增幅达432.4%.     

层状孔隙介质孔隙度对地震属性影响分析

孔隙度是储层的重要参数之一,学者提出了多种根据地震属性分析孔隙度大小的方法.然而,层状孔隙介质中孔隙度对地震属性的影响至今没有系统的论述.鉴于此,本文建立了两种类型储层:其一为深度压实,固结程度好的储层;其二为欠压实,固结程度差的储层.对于上述两种类型储层,通过理论和数值模拟,分析了孔隙度对地震属性(与频率相关)的影响.研究表明,对于深度压实储层,反射系数随孔隙度的增加而减小;对于欠压实储层,反射系数随孔隙度的增加而增加.     

能谱CT诊断腹部多发病灶同源性的初步研究

目的:探讨CT能谱成像在诊断腹部多发病灶同源性中的价值。材料和方法:收集10例经手术病理或随访观察证实的腹部多发病灶患者资料,回顾性分析患者多发病灶,包括肝脏、胃、肾上腺及腹腔淋巴结转移病灶的CT能谱图像。多发病灶的感兴趣区按照直径5mm的圆形选取,用能谱后处理工具行多发病灶的能量衰减曲线、直方图、散点图分析,将三个图像的吻合情况分成基本吻合,部分吻合,不吻合三种情况,比较多发病灶能谱图像的吻合情况,总结规律,对腹部多发病灶的同源性作出评价。结果:发现腹部恶性肿瘤原发灶与多发转移灶的能量衰减曲线、直方图图像基本吻合,散点图部分吻合,提示原发灶和转移灶同源。多发良性病灶如血管瘤、能谱图像也基本吻合,可帮助诊断病灶的同源性。结论:初步判断能谱CT可作为诊断腹部多发病灶同源性的有效工具。     

Recent glitches detected in the Crab pulsar

From 2000 to 2010, monitoring of radio emission from the Crab pulsar at Xinjiang Observatory detected a total of nine glitches. The occurrence of glitches appears to be a random process as described by previous researches. A persistent change in pulse frequency and pulse frequency derivative after each glitch was found. There is no obvious correlation between glitch sizes and the time since last glitch. For these glitches Δν _p and D[(n)\dot]_p\Delta\dot{\nu}_{p} span two orders of magnitude. The pulsar suffered the largest frequency jump ever seen on MJD 53067.1. The size of the glitch is ∼6.8×10⁻⁶ Hz, ∼3.5 times that of the glitch occurred in 1989 glitch, with a very large permanent changes in frequency and pulse frequency derivative and followed by a decay with time constant ∼21 days. The braking index presents significant changes. We attribute this variation to a varying particle wind strength which may be caused by glitch activities. We discuss the properties of detected glitches in Crab pulsar and compare them with glitches in the Vela pulsar.     

Research on Ensemble Pulsar Time Based on Observed Data

The applications of pulsar timing to several important aspects are introduced and a skeletal definition of the pulsar time scale is given. By taking advantage of the observational timing data of millisecond pulsars obtained at the Parkes Astronomical Observatory, Australia, the ensemble pulsar time based on 4 millisecond pulsars is built up, the comparison of its stability σz, with that of the atomic time is made, and finally a few of important factors which affect the ensemble pulsar time, as well as their influences on the pulsar timing accuracy and application are analyzed.     

Improvement of a simplified process‐based model for estimating transpiration under water‐limited conditions

Plant transpiration depends on environmental conditions, and soil water availability is its primary control under water deficit conditions. In this study, we improve a simplified process‐based model (hereafter “BTA”) by including soil water potential (ψ_soil) to explicitly represent the dependence of plant transpiration on root‐zone moisture conditions. The improved model is denoted as the BTA‐ψ model. We assessed the performance of the BTA and BTA‐ψ models in a subtropical monsoon climate and a Mediterranean climate with different levels of water stress. The BTA model performed reasonably in estimating daily and hourly transpiration under sufficient water conditions, but it failed during dry periods. Overall, the BTA‐ψ model provided a significant improvement for estimating transpiration under a wide range of soil moisture conditions. Although both models could estimate transpiration (sap flow) at night, BTA‐ψ was superior to BTA in this regard. Species differences in the calibrated parameters of both models were consistent with leaf‐level photosynthetic measurements on each species, as expected given the physiological basis of these parameters. With a simplified representation of physiological regulation and reasonable performance across a range of soil moisture conditions, the BTA‐ψ model provides a useful alternative to purely empirical models for modelling transpiration.     

武汉市轨道交通运行对地磁观测的影响

对武汉市轨道交通一号线附近进行了地磁干扰测试,测试结果表明轨道交通的运行对周边地磁观测产生了干扰,干扰距离为10km左右,其干扰主要来自轨道泄露电流产生的磁场和输电线路产生的磁场。